Dose-Dependent Effects of Common Antibiotics Used to Treat Staphylococcus aureus on Biofilm Formation

Majidpour, Ali; Zadeh, Sara Fathi; Afshar, Mastaneh; Rahbar, Mohammad Hossein; Boustanshenas, Mina; Heidarzadeh, Marjan; Arbabi, L; Moghadam, Somayeh Soleymanzadeh

doi:10.30699/ijp.2017.27993

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus and an increasing trend, many research efforts have begun to shift the focus on how to reduce the virulence of S. aureus instead of the traditional through removing pathogens. In recent years, many studies have demonstrated that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics have an effect on S. aureus virulence factors (Otto et al, 2013) and biofilm formation (Majidpour et al, 2017). But it is more than subinhibitory antibiotics enhancing the virulence of S. aureus (Hodille et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subinhibitory Concentrations of Fusidic Acid May Reduce the Virulence of S. aureus by Down-Regulating sarA and saeRS to Reduce Biofilm Formation and α-Toxin Expression

Liu

Shen

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen in hospital and community infections. Fusidic acid is particularly effective in treating skin and wound infections caused by staphylococci. The purpose of our study was to clarify the effect of fusidic acid on the biofilm formation and α-toxin expression of S. aureus at subinhibitory concentrations [1/64, 1/32, and 1/16 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)]. A total of 504 genes greater than a twofold or less than twofold change in expression of S. aureus effected by subinhibitory concentrations of fusidic acid were found, including 232 up-regulated genes and 272 down-regulated genes, which were determined by transcriptome sequencing. Our results showed subinhibitory concentrations of fusidic acid significantly inhibited the expression of hla, spa, icaA, and cidA at the mRNA level in clinical S. aureus strains tested. And subinhibitory concentrations of fusidic acid can significantly reduce the hemolysis activity and α-toxin production of S. aureus. In addition, the subinhibitory concentrations of fusidic acid significantly inhibited biofilm formation, autolysis, cell aggregation, and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) production of S. aureus. Moreover, fusidic acid effectively reduces the damage of mouse skin lesion area. Furthermore, fusidic acid reduced the expression of the two-component regulatory system saeRS and staphylococcal accessory gene regulator (sarA). In conclusion, our results suggested that the subinhibitory concentrations of fusidic acid may reduce the virulence of S. aureus by down-regulating sarA and saeRS to reduce biofilm formation and α-toxin expression, which will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of S. aureus infection. This is the first report that fusidic acid has an inhibitory effect on the virulence of S. aureus, and this broadens the clinical application of fusidic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subinhibitory Concentrations of Fusidic Acid May Reduce the Virulence of S. aureus by Down-Regulating sarA and saeRS to Reduce Biofilm Formation and α-Toxin Expression

Liu

Shen

et al. 2020

Front. Microbiol.

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“…25 Biofilm presence should also influence antibiotic choice; in one recent study, the effects of ten antibiotics commonly used against S. aureus were evaluated at various doses (0.06-128 µg/mL). 26 At subminimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), linezolid appeared most effective in clearing biofilm. Conversely, azithromycin, vancomycin, oxacillin, cotrimoxazole, minocycline, and clindamycin induced biofilm in some of the bacterial strains tested.…”

Section: Surgical Debridement and Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, azithromycin, vancomycin, oxacillin, cotrimoxazole, minocycline, and clindamycin induced biofilm in some of the bacterial strains tested. 26 An alternative, more effective approach to antibiotic monotherapy is combination antibiotics. [27][28][29] Rifampin has been studied in combinations with linezolid, vancomycin, cloxacillin, and ciproflaxin.…”

Section: Surgical Debridement and Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutics and delivery vehicles for local treatment of osteomyelitis

Cobb

McCabe

Priddy

2020

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Osteomyelitis, or the infection of the bone, presents a major complication in orthopedics and may lead to prolonged hospital visits, implant failure, and in more extreme cases, amputation of affected limbs. Typical treatment for this disease involves surgical debridement followed by long‐term, systemic antibiotic administration, which contributes to the development of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria and has limited ability to eradicate challenging biofilm‐forming pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus—the most common cause of osteomyelitis. Local delivery of high doses of antibiotics via traditional bone cement can reduce systemic side effects of an antibiotic. Nonetheless, growing concerns over burst release (then subtherapeutic dose) of antibiotics, along with microbial colonization of the nondegradable cement biomaterial, further exacerbate antibiotic resistance and highlight the need to engineer alternative antimicrobial therapeutics and local delivery vehicles with increased efficacy against, in particular, biofilm‐forming, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Furthermore, limited guidance exists regarding both standardized formulation protocols and validated assays to predict efficacy of a therapeutic against multiple strains of bacteria. Ideally, antimicrobial strategies would be highly specific while exhibiting a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. With a focus on S. aureus infection, this review addresses the efficacy of novel therapeutics and local delivery vehicles, as alternatives to the traditional antibiotic regimens. The aim of this review is to discuss these components with regards to long bone osteomyelitis and to encourage positive directions for future research efforts.

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“…Generally, antibiotics reduced biofilm formation; however, several studies showed that the antibiotics could significantly induce biofilm formation depending on antibiotics class and the bacterial strain [31]. A study accomplished by Majidpour et al [8] demonstrated when MRSA isolates exposed to sub MIC of azithromycin and vancomycin could significantly induce the biofilm formation at least of two isolates, and such as these results may cause an adverse effect on the course of treatment. Similarly, Ozturk et al [32] indicated that some antibiotics may induce the biofilm formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing knowledge of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis highlights new horizons for the development of novel and alternative treatment choices by attenuating bacterial virulence involving biofilm [4]. Furthermore, the exposure of bacteria to antibiotics at sub MIC may usually take place during antibiotic therapy [8]. Hence, the present work aimed to understand the interconnection among hemolysins, biofilm, and gentamicin resistance in local MRSA isolates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm Shows Independency form Hemolysin Genes Arsenal in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Jaddoa

Al-Mathkhury

2018

ijs

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Normally, bacteria exposed to antibiotics at sub minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) inside the host. Therefore, the current study aimed to comprehend the association among hemolysins, biofilm, as well as gentamicin resistance in local MRSA isolates. Around 35 Staphylococcus aureus locally isolated from different clinical specimens were employed in this study. Methicillin resistance was detected via cefoxitin disk diffusion and mecA amplification methods. MIC of gentamicin was estimated by broth microdilution method. Hemolysin genes involving hla, hlb, hld, and hlg were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Microtiter plate method was employed for biofilm assessment in the presence and absence of gentamicin at sub MIC. Moreover, atomic force microscopy technique was employed for confirming the effect of gentamicin on biofilm. The present findings revealed that methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) constituted, nearly, 94.29% (33 isolates) of all S. aureus isolates. Around 12 (36.36%), four (12.12%), and 17 (51.51%) isolates were gentamicin-sensitive, intermediate, and resistant to gentamicin, respectively. hla and hld were located in 32 out 33 MRSA isolates. All MRSA isolates succeeded in forming biofilm; however, three (0.09%), 23 (69.69%), and seven (21.21%) isolates formed weak,moderate, andstrong biofilm, respectively. Gentamicin at sub MIC reduced the intensity of biofilm and the AFM confirmed this finding. In conclusion, very weak correlation linked the biofilm formation capacity and isolate MIC. On the other hand, possession of hemolysin genes seems has no correlation with biofilm formation. Nevertheless, gentamicin at sub MIC reduced the intensity of MRSA biofilm.

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Dose-Dependent Effects of Common Antibiotics Used to Treat Staphylococcus aureus on Biofilm Formation

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Subinhibitory Concentrations of Fusidic Acid May Reduce the Virulence of S. aureus by Down-Regulating sarA and saeRS to Reduce Biofilm Formation and α-Toxin Expression

Subinhibitory Concentrations of Fusidic Acid May Reduce the Virulence of S. aureus by Down-Regulating sarA and saeRS to Reduce Biofilm Formation and α-Toxin Expression

Therapeutics and delivery vehicles for local treatment of osteomyelitis

Biofilm Shows Independency form Hemolysin Genes Arsenal in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

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