Dosage response to ethanol mediates host selection by ?secondary? bark beetles

Klimetzek, D.; Köhler, Jutta; Vité, J. P.; Kohnle, Ulrich

doi:10.1007/bf00367783

Cited by 128 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The Tomicus beetle's clear preference for baited trees has previously been observed by Schroeder and Eidmann (1987), Långström andHellqvist (1988, 1993b) and Schroeder (1990). It has also been demonstrated that alpha-pinene and ethanol, emanating from wounds or newly cut host material play an important role in guiding the pine shoot beetles to potential host trees (Klimetzek et al 1986, Vité et al 1986, Lanne et al 1987, Schroeder 1988.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of defoliated Scots pine to spontaneous and induced attack by Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor

Annila¹,

Långström²,

Varama³

et al. 1999

Silva Fenn.

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In 1990-1991, Diprion pini extensively defoliated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees in Lauhanvuori National Park in southwestern Finland. Many trees lost all their foliage, while others had ca. 10 % foliage left after the second year of defoliation. Outside the national park, many nearby stands were also heavily defoliated in 1990, but were sprayed with diflubenzuron (Dimilin ® ) in 1991. This protected the current year needles, corresponding to ca 30 % of full foliage.In spring 1992, pine trees with 0, 10, 30 and 100 % foliage remaining (10 small and 10 large trees in each category) were baited with pine bolts to induce stem attacks by pine shoot beetles. All baited trees were attacked by Tomicus piniperda and some by T. minor. The attacks failed in all these trees except those that were totally defoliated and some of the small trees with 10 % foliage left. Many unbaited trees escaped attack entirely, but only totally defoliated trees were successfully colonized (i. e. produced brood). Attack densities and brood production figures peaked in baited, large and totally defoliated trees. None of the measures (cambial electrical resistance, resin flow, induced lesion length by fungal inoculation, amount of hydrocarbons or phenolic compounds) used to describe tree vigour at the time of attack gave better information than the estimated remaining foliage.We conclude that the risk for beetle-induced mortality following defoliation is a function of remaining needle biomass and beetle pressure. Even at high beetle densities (as was simulated by baiting of trees), trees with 10 % of the foliage remaining were able to defend themselves against attacking pine shoot beetles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of defoliated Scots pine to spontaneous and induced attack by Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus minor

Annila¹,

Långström²,

Varama³

et al. 1999

Silva Fenn.

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show abstract

“…Species of bark beetle that regularly attack and kill living trees (termed aggressive) have been shown invariably to possess an aggregation pheromone, usually of two or more components, but are weakly, if at all, attracted by host volatiles alone (Vitt and Pitman, 1969;Byers, 1989b). However, socalled secondary bark beetle species (those that arrive later after the tree has already been killed by the aggressive bark beetles or that feed as saprophytes in decaying trees) may not use an aggregation pheromone, but generally are strongly attracted to either host monoterpenes, ethanol, or a combination (Kohnle, 1985;Klimetzek et al, 1986;Schroeder, 1988;Schroeder and Lindelow, 1989).…”

Section: Host-plant Volatiles Attractive To Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethanol, probably released by microorganisms in decaying woody tissue (Graham, 1968;Moeck, 1970;Cade et al, 1970) and stressed plants (Kimmerer and Kozlowski, 1982), is attractive to a wide variety of species of bark beetles (Moeck, 1970(Moeck, , 1981Magema et al, 1982;Montgomery and Wargo, 1983;Kohnle, 1985;Klimetzek et al, 1986;Schroeder 1987Schroeder , 1988Schroeder and Eidmann, 1987;Phillips et al, 1988;Volz, 1988;ChCnier and Philoghe, 1989;Schroeder and Lindelow, 1989;Byers, 1992a). Primary alcohols other than ethanol have not been reported as being attractive to scolytids.…”

Section: Host-plant Volatiles Attractive To Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Klimetzek et al (1986) tested different release rates of ethanol (24 to 125 mglday) with an unreported release rate of a-pinene and terpinolene and found that the higher releases of ethanol inhibited attraction of T. piniperda. However, a control with ethanol alone, or terpenes alone, was not reported.…”

Section: Host-plant Volatiles Attractive To Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injured trees with wound oleoresin, and trees under attack with pitch tubes, would have a higher monoterpene release and attract the greatest numbers of beetles, according to Byers et al (1985). Trees with high ethanol release rates would indicate a tree in advanced decay and unsuitable for reproduction, and thus to be avoided, as theorized by Klimetzek et al (1986). High monoterpene releases from trees (freshly wounded and not dead) would not naturally coincide with high ethanol release rates (presumably during decay after death).…”

Section: Host-plant Volatiles Attractive To Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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