Dorello's Canal and Gruber's Ligament: Historical Perspective

Ambekar, Sudheer; Sonig, Ashish; Nanda, Anil

doi:10.1055/s-0032-1329628

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…He later attended Charles University in Prague to study medicine, and obtained his degree in 1844. 2,15 From 1842 to 1847, Gruber worked at Charles University as the prosector of normal anatomy. 2,15 During this time, Gruber grew into a skilled anatomist through the guidance of Joseph Hyrtl and Vincenz Alexander Bochdalek, professors of anatomy at the university.…”

Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,15 From 1842 to 1847, Gruber worked at Charles University as the prosector of normal anatomy. 2,15 During this time, Gruber grew into a skilled anatomist through the guidance of Joseph Hyrtl and Vincenz Alexander Bochdalek, professors of anatomy at the university. For his scientific accomplishments, Gruber was elected as a member of the anatomy section of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (http://www.leopoldina.org/en/members/list-of-members/ member/3047/).…”

Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1847, Gruber received an offer from a prominent Russian physician, Nicolai Ivanovich Pirogov, to join him at the Medical Academy of St. Petersburg in Russia as the first prosector of normal human anatomy at the institution. 2,15 In 1855, Gruber succeeded Pirogov as the director of the department of anatomy at the academy, 15,39,50 and eventually obtained full professorship in 1858. 2,15 During his early years as a professor, Gruber studied cranial anatomy.…”

Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,15 In 1855, Gruber succeeded Pirogov as the director of the department of anatomy at the academy, 15,39,50 and eventually obtained full professorship in 1858. 2,15 During his early years as a professor, Gruber studied cranial anatomy. One of the first regions he focused on was the sphenoid and temporal bone.…”

Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He left an everlasting impression in Russia, not only through his numerous publications but also through his efforts to promote expanded anatomy education through Russian institutes and to build an institute of anatomy and physiology associated with the University of St. Petersburg. 2,15 After nearly 40 years as Professor of Anatomy in Russia, Gruber moved to Vienna, Austria in 1888. 15 His contributions were also recognized worldwide, and in 1888 he received an honorary degree in Medicine and Surgery from the University of Bologna (http://www.archiviostorico.unibo.it/it/strutturaorganizzativa/sezione-archivio-storico/lauree-honoris-causa/wenzel-weneslaus-leopold-gruber.asp?IDFolder=3 33&IDOggetto=112357&LN=IT), the oldest university in Italy.…”

Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gruber, Gradenigo, Dorello, and Vail: key personalities in the historical evolution and modern-day understanding of Dorello’s canal

Reddy¹,

Reddy²,

Jyung

et al. 2016

JNS

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A century ago an ambitious young anatomist in Rome, Primo Dorello, who sought to understand the cause of abducent nerve palsy that often occurred in patients with severe middle ear infections, conducted intricate studies on the intracranial course of the nerve. In his findings, he identified that the abducent nerve passes through a narrow sinus near the apex of the petrous bone, which formed an osteofibrous canal. Dorello suggested that in this enclosed region the abducent nerve may be particularly vulnerable to compression due to the vascular edema accompanying the infection. Although his work was widely appreciated, it was not well received by all. Interestingly, Giuseppe Gradenigo, one of the most prominent Italian otologists of the early 20th century, who was known for his work on a triad of symptoms (Gradenigo’s syndrome) that accompanies petrous apicitis, a result of severe middle ear infections, was obstinate in his criticism of Dorello’s findings. Thus a scientific duel began, with a series of correspondence between these two academics—one who was relatively new to the otological community (Dorello) and one who was well reputed in that community (Gradenigo). The disagreement ultimately ebbed in 1909, when Dorello published a report in response to Gradenigo’s criticisms and convinced Gradenigo to change his views. Today Dorello’s canal is widely recognized as a key landmark in skull base surgery of the petroclival region and holds clinical significance due to its relation to the abducent nerve and surrounding vascular structures. Yet, although academics such as Dorello and Gradenigo are recognized for their work on the canal, it is important not to forget the others throughout history who have contributed to the modern-day understanding of this anatomical structure. In fact, although the level of anatomical detail found in Dorello’s work was previously unmatched, the first description of the canal was made by the experienced Austrian anatomist Wenzel Leopold Gruber in 1859, almost 50 years prior to Dorello’s landmark publication. Another critical figure in building the understanding of Dorello’s canal was Harris Holmes Vail, a young otolaryngologist from Harvard Medical School, who in 1922 became the first person to describe Dorello’s canal in the English language. Vail conducted his own detailed anatomical studies on cadavers, and his publication not only reaffirmed Dorello’s findings but also immortalized the eponym used today—“Dorello’s canal.” In this article the authors review the life and contributions of Gruber, Dorello, Gradenigo, and Vail, four men who played a critical role in the discovery of Dorello’s canal and paved the way toward the current understanding of the canal as a key clinical and surgical entity.

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Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wenzel Leopold Gruber (1814-1889)mentioning

confidence: 99%