Doppler Radar Analysis of Triple Eyewalls in Typhoon Usagi (2013)

Zhao, Kun; Lin, Qing; Lee, Wen Chau; Sun, Yongqiang; Zhang, Fuqing

doi:10.1175/bams-d-15-00029.1

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…While the secondary eyewalls are subject of interest in the TC research, TC with triple eyewalls is known to exist (McNoldy, 2004;Tsujino et al, 2017;Zhao et al, 2016). We extend the objective method of to the identification of triple eyewalls.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Long‐Lived Concentric Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclones

et al. 2021

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Concentric eyewalls (CEs) in tropical cyclones (TCs) in different basins were identified based on satellite imagery during 1997–2014. Their duration and structural parameters, including inner eyewall size, moat width, and outer eyewall width, were calculated. Differences in these parameters can best be distinguished by short‐lived and long‐lived CEs (i.e., CEs with durations shorter or longer than 20 h). A long‐lived CE tends to have a larger size, mainly contributed by a larger moat and a larger outer eyewall width. The inner eyewall size shows no significant difference between short‐lived and long‐lived CEs in the western North Pacific (WNP) but increases slightly and steadily with increasing CE durations in the Atlantic (ATL). Furthermore, the WNP has far more CEs than in ATL and in the eastern Pacific (EPAC) for all duration categories. Long‐lived CEs cover about 20% of all CEs and are associated with higher sea surface temperature and weaker vertical wind shear. In the WNP, the TC tracks associated with long‐lived CEs were with the less northward motion component. Furthermore, seven TCs with triple eyewalls in the WNP are identified during 1997–2014, with only one case in the EPAC and no ATL case. It is found that five cases of these triple eyewalls TC in the WNP evolved to long‐lived CEs. The results suggest that the CE internal dynamical process, the TC track during the CE period, and the environmental conditions are all critical to the CE size and duration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the Long‐Lived Concentric Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclones

et al. 2021

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“…The outer eyewall continued to weaken in the weakening phase and was replaced by the outermost rainbands in the dissipation phase, whereas the inner eyewall remained unchanged. Aircraft (McNoldy 2004;Sitkowski et al 2011) and radar (Zhao et al 2016) observations have determined that some CE TCs (e.g., Hurricanes France 2004 and Ivan 2004) had triple wind maxima. This N-ERC-Multiple pattern might be related to the triple wind maxima configuration: the inner wind maximum corresponds to the inner eyewall, the middle maximum forms when the CE forms, and the outer maximum is related to spiral rainbands that evolve into the outer eyewall.…”

Section: N-erc-multiple Pattern (2 Cases)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on aircraft and satellite observations, Hawkins and Helveston (2008) indicated that approximately 70 % of intense TCs (maximum wind speed > 50 m s −1 ) between 1997 and 2006 in the North Atlantic, 50 % in the eastern Pacific, and 80 % in the western Pacific had CE structures. Moreover, triple eyewall configurations were observed (McNoldy 2004;Tsujino et al 2017;Zhao et al 2016) in Hurricane Juliette (2001), and typhoons Bolaven (2012) and Usagi (2013). It is considered that a stronger TC often has a higher probability of having a CE configuration (Kossin and Sitkowski 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Influences on the Intensity and Configuration of Tropical Cyclone Concentric Eyewalls in the Western North Pacific

Zhu

2019

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Using brightness temperature data from passive microwave satellite imagery, this study examines tropical cyclones (TCs) with concentric eyewall (CE) in the western North Pacific between 1997 and 2011. The identified CEs are divided into two types according to the characteristics of the eyewall replacement cycle (ERC) in the microwave imagery: a CE with a typical ERC (T-ERC) and a CE without an ERC (N-ERC). It is indicated that 88 % T-ERCs reach peak intensity near (0.2 h after on average) CE formation, whereas 90 % N-ERCs reach peak intensity prior to (22.0 h on average) CE formation. In general, N-ERCs tend to occur when there are strong interactions between the environment and the CE, whereas T-ERCs occur in a relatively quiet environment. The three-dimensional conceptual models of the environmental configurations for both CE types are proposed. Specifically, N-ERCs are accompanied by stronger southwesterly and southeasterly inflows, active low-level trough, and stronger subtropical high (SH) and South Asia high (SAH), compared with T-ERCs. For N-ERCs, the stronger inflows may bring in a large amount of moisture, and the active low-level trough may result in a large vertical wind shear (VWS). The stronger SH and SAH may contribute to changes in the intensity and direction of the VWS for N-ERCs, and hence trigger the development of local convection in the outer eyewall. The asymmetries in the convection of the outer eyewall may weaken the ability to cut off the radial inflow to the inner eyewall. Consequently, N-ERCs fail to finish the ERC and weaken rapidly in intensity, even though the moisture remains sufficient after CE formation.

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“…However, the convective activity related to the generation of the eddy kinetic energy is not fully addressed. Some studies focused on spiral rainbands because the SEF generally starts from convective rainbands (Houze, 2007;Zhao et al, 2008Zhao et al, , 2016Kossin and Sitkowski, 2009). When the rainband outside the eyewall is enhanced by adding a large diabatic heating rate to the rainband in a numerical simulation, the TC can experience the SEF (Wang, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the Inner Eyewall Structure in the Secondary Eyewall Formation of Simulated Tropical Cyclones

Qin

Li³

2021

Preprint

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Abstract. It has been suggested that the inner eyewall structure may play an important role in the secondary eyewall formation (SEF) of tropical cyclones (TCs). This study is to further examine the role of the inner eyewall structure by comparing two numerical experiments, which were conducted with the same large-scale environment and initial and boundary conditions but different grid sizes. The SEF was simulated in the experiment with the finer grid spacing, but not in the other.Comparing the eyewall structure in the simulated TCs with and without the SEF indicates that the eyewall structure can play an important role in the SEF. For the simulated TC with the SEF, the eyewall is more upright with stronger updrafts, accompanied by a wide eyewall anvil at a higher altitude. Compared to the simulated TC without the SEF, diagnostic analysis reveals that the cooling outside the inner eyewall is induced by the sublimation, melting and evaporation of hydrometeors falling from the eyewall anvil. The cooling also induces upper-level dry, cool inflow below the anvil, prompting the subsidence and moat formation between the inner eyewall and the spiral rainband. In the simulated TC without the SEF, the cooling induced by the falling hydrometeors is significantly reduced and offset by the diabatic warming. There is no upper-level dry inflow below the anvil and no moat formation between the inner eyewall and the spiral rainband. This study suggests that a realistic simulation of the intense eyewall convection is important to the prediction of the SEF in the numerical forecasting model.

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Doppler Radar Analysis of Triple Eyewalls in Typhoon Usagi (2013)

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Characteristics of the Long‐Lived Concentric Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclones

Characteristics of the Long‐Lived Concentric Eyewalls in Tropical Cyclones

Environmental Influences on the Intensity and Configuration of Tropical Cyclone Concentric Eyewalls in the Western North Pacific

Roles of the Inner Eyewall Structure in the Secondary Eyewall Formation of Simulated Tropical Cyclones

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