Donor-Acceptor Type Super-Structural Triazine Cored Conducting Polymer Containing Carbazole and Quinoline for High-Contrast Electrochromic Device

Abstract

Star shaped functionalized molecules allow the production of sophisticated nano devices by using them as the building blocks for the formation of superstructured macromolecules. Here, we address star-shaped molecule which is formed by quinoline and electroactive carbazole functionalized triazine (TQEC). Using quinoline as electron accepting (A) and carbazole as electron donating (D) moiety, the resulting conductive polymer is designed to have high optical contrast. The cross-linked polymer (PTQEC) characterized after the electropolymerization of the A/D type molecule has been found to have superior optical and electrical properties. It has high optical contrast (71% at 675 nm), fast switching time about 3 s and high long time redox stability (91.75%). As a result of the spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic characterization, it is determined that PTQEC is transparent and green colored in its neutral and oxidized states, which is a desirable property for smart windows. Therefore electrochromic devices (ECDs) depending on PTQEC and PEDOT were established, where PEDOT functioned as the cathodically coloring layer. Optical and electrochemical characterizations of the device in the way of the optical contrast (51% at 540 nm), switching time (about 3 s), open circuit memory, redox stability (95.36%) and colors were investigated.

Multichromic Monolayer Terpyridine-Based Electrochromic Materials

“…14 containing four pyridinium salt units 15 or four benzoic acid ester units 16 connected through a cyclobutane ring have been reported to demonstrate one bleached and two colored states. Finally, organic molecules containing triarylamine 4,17 and carbazole 18,19 moieties seem to be promising candidates for multicolored ECDs. Metalorganic polypyridine complexes are considered ideal chromophores for the design of ECDs due to their ability to react with many metal ions in different oxidation states, 20−22 excellent cycling 23,24 and thermal stability, 25,26 flexibility, 27,28 color diversity, 29 and light absorption, which strictly depends on metal oxidation state.…”

“…Organic molecules containing four pyridinium salt units or four benzoic acid ester units connected through a cyclobutane ring have been reported to demonstrate one bleached and two colored states. Finally, organic molecules containing triarylamine , and carbazole , moieties seem to be promising candidates for multicolored ECDs.…”

Ligand Impact on Monolayer Electrochromic Material Properties

“…Other properties, such as the switching speed between color modes, may vary with the commercial application . ECMs are designed using a variety of scaffolds, such as metal oxides, viologens, , conjugated conducting, , colored, , and fluorescent polymers. Small organic molecules , or transition-metal complexes (TMCs) can be deposited on an electrode or spread in various conducting polymers (or matrixes), resulting in ECMs.…”

2,7-Linked N-methylcarbazole copolymers by combining the macromonomer approach and the oxidative electrochemical polymerization

“…On the other hand, carbazole is an aromatic tricyclic organic compound bearing two benzene rings fused on either side of a pyrrole ring. Polycarbazoles (PCBs), which are CPs based on the polymerization of carbazole or its derivatives functionalized at the 3,6-, 2,7-and/or N-positions, are used in a variety of applications such as light-emitting diodes [22], electrochromic devices [23,24], and field effect transistors [25]. Indeed, carbazole-based CPs exhibit very good opto-electronic properties (i.e.…”