Don’t look back in anger: The rewarding value of a female face is discounted by an angry expression.

Jaensch, Mareike; Hurk, Wobbie van den; Dzhelyova, Milena; Hahn, Amanda; Perrett, David I.; Richards, Anne; Smith, Marie L.

doi:10.1037/a0038078

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Positive and negative facial expressions belong to the most relevant nonverbal signals in communication and are incentives that modulate the probability that a certain behavior will occur in the future (Blair, 2003). Happy facial expressions encourage approach behavior and are perceived as rewarding, while angry faces have been shown to induce threat and activate avoidance behavior (Jaensch et al, 2014;Mühlberger et al, 2011). Studies that applied the SIDT have demonstrated that performance-contingent presentation of happy and angry faces modulates task performance as reflected by shorter reaction times relative to neutral trials/faces (e.g., Cremers et al, 2014;Spreckelmeyer et al, 2009), thus confirming the motivational relevance of these social stimuli.…”

Section: The Monetary and Social Incentive Delay Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the neural underpinnings of social and monetary incentive processing during adolescence

Greimel

Bakos

Landes

et al. 2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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The brain's reward system undergoes major changes during adolescence, and an increased reactivity to social and nonsocial incentives has been described as a typical feature during this transitional period. Little is known whether there are sex differences in the brain's responsiveness to social or monetary incentives during adolescence. The aim of this event-related potential (ERP) study was to compare the neurophysiological underpinnings of monetary and social incentive processing in adolescent boys versus girls. During ERP recording, 38 adolescents (21 females, 17 males; 13-18 years) completed an incentive delay task comprising (a) a reward versus punishment condition and (b) social versus monetary incentives. The stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) was recorded during anticipation of reward and punishment, and the feedback P3 (fP3) along with the feedback-related negativity (FRN) after reward/punishment delivery. During anticipation of social punishment, adolescent boys compared with girls exhibited a reduced SPN. After delivery, male adolescents exhibited higher fP3 amplitudes to monetary compared with social incentives, whereas fP3 amplitudes in girls were comparable across incentive types. Moreover, whereas in boys fP3 responses were higher in rewards than in punishment trials, no such difference was evident in girls. The results indicate that adolescent boys show a reduced neural responsivity in the prospect of social punishment. Moreover, the findings imply that, once the incentive is obtained, adolescent boys attribute a relatively enhanced motivational significance to monetary incentives and show a relative hyposensitivity to punishment. The findings might contribute to our understanding of sex-specific vulnerabilities to problem behaviors related to incentive processing during adolescence.

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Section: The Monetary and Social Incentive Delay Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the neural underpinnings of social and monetary incentive processing during adolescence

Greimel

Bakos

Landes

et al. 2018

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies have reported that positive and negative expressions asymmetrically influence the evaluations of facial attractiveness. Sad faces were found to be rated as less attractive than neutral or happy faces (Mueser, Grau, Sussman, & Rosen, ; Ueda, Kuraguchi, & Ashida, ), and angry faces were also reported to discount the attractiveness bias, to some extent (Jaensch et al, ). In contrast, smiling faces were rated as more attractive and having more positive personality traits than neutral faces (Berscheid & Walster, ; Magda & Goodwin, ; Mehu, Little, & Dunbar, ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Perception and Expressing Habits of Smiling and Angry Expressions Modulated by Facial Physical Attractiveness in Asian Female Persons

2018

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In this study, we investigated the effects of facial physical attractiveness on perception and expressing habit of smiling and angry expressions. In experiment 1, 20 participants rated 60 photo subjects’ smiling and angry expressions of uncontrolled physical expression configuration. The results showed that for the angry faces, the perceived expression intensity and the expression naturalness in the attractive group were significantly stronger than those in the unattractive group; for the smiling faces, this attractiveness bias was not observed. In experiment 2, using artificial expressions made by an identical expression template, interestingly, the perceived expression intensity and the expression naturalness of the smiling faces in the attractive group were stronger than those in the unattractive group, while the impression strength of anger between the two groups was approximately the same. A comparison of the two observations suggests that facial physical attractiveness can enhance the perceived intensity of a smiling expression but not an angry expression, and that the inconsistencies between the two experiments are due to the difference of expressing habits between unattractive and attractive persons. These results have implications as regards the effect of facial attractiveness on the expressing habits of expression senders and the person’s development of social skills.

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“…Consistent with the notion that people in positions of authority are afforded competence (Fiske, 2010), high-power targets should be perceived as more competent than their low-power counterparts. In addition, dominant faces of females should be perceived as less attractive than their non-dominant counterparts, an effect which should be absent in male faces (Jaensch et al, 2014;Keating, 1985). In contrast, competence attributions should be higher for dominant than non-dominant faces, but only for male targets (Boothroyd et al, 2007;Buckingham et al, 2006).…”

Section: Study 3bmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Indeed, facial features that make men look dominant or angry result in reduced attractiveness when seen in women (Jaensch et al, 2014;Keating, 1985). Conversely, femininity and babyfacedness, attributes being negatively correlated with dominance, are strong predictors of women's facial attractiveness (Cunningham, Roberts, Barbee, Druen, & Wu, 1995;Perrett et al, 1998).…”

Section: Social Inferences Of Facial Dominance: Competence and Attracmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dominance biases in the perception and memory for the faces of powerholders, with consequences for social inferences

Wang

Guinote

Krumhuber

2018

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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A great deal of research has shown that dominant-looking faces are afforded power.In this research, we tested the reverse link. As such, we examined whether knowledge of a target's power would lead to a dominance bias in face perception. Five studies were conducted by applying face morphing techniques to both controlled facial stimuli and faces of powerholders in the real world. Results showed that faces of powerholders were misrecollected (Studies 1A and 1B) and misperceived (Studies 3A and 3B) as more dominant-looking than their powerless counterparts. In addition, their faces were misrecollected as more prototypically dominant in physical appearance than they actually were (Studies 1A, 1B, and 2). Furthermore, enhanced facial dominance affected social inferences, with evaluations such as competence and attractiveness being sensitive to the gender of the target person (Study 3B). Implications for research on power and face perception are discussed.

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Don’t look back in anger: The rewarding value of a female face is discounted by an angry expression.

Abstract: The modulating effect of emotional expression on the rewarding nature of attractive and non--

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Sex differences in the neural underpinnings of social and monetary incentive processing during adolescence

Sex differences in the neural underpinnings of social and monetary incentive processing during adolescence

Perception and Expressing Habits of Smiling and Angry Expressions Modulated by Facial Physical Attractiveness in Asian Female Persons

Dominance biases in the perception and memory for the faces of powerholders, with consequences for social inferences

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