Dominance of the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens in Guangdong, China, reveals evidence of cross-transmission

Lin, Xuhui; Xin, Luyao; Qi, Meng; Hou, Minyu; Liao, Shenquan; Qi, Nanshan; Li, Juan; Lv, Minna; Cai, Haiming; Hu, Junjing; Zhang, Jianfei; Ji, Xiangbo; Sun, Mingfei

doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05267-x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…C. meleagridis , the dominant species found in foxes in this study, is a known zoonotic pathogen. The subtypes IIIeA19G2R1 and IIIeA17G2R1 identified in foxes here have been detected in chickens and birds in China ( Liao et al., 2018 ; Liao et al., 2021 ; Lin et al., 2022 ) and humans in China, Uzbekistan and India ( Stensvold et al., 2014 ; Lebbad et al., 2021 ). However, the dominant C. meleagridis subtype in foxes, IIIeA21G2R1, has been only reported previously in one patient in Indonesia ( Lebbad et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Divergent Cryptosporidium species and host-adapted Cryptosporidium canis subtypes in farmed minks, raccoon dogs and foxes in Shandong, China

Wang

Wei

Cao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Cryptosporidium spp. are common parasitic pathogens causing diarrhea in humans and various animals. Fur animals are widely farmed in Shandong Province, China, but the prevalence and genetic identity of Cryptosporidium spp. in them are unclear. In this study, 1,211 fecal samples were collected from 602 minks, 310 raccoon dogs and 299 foxes on two farms in Shandong and analyzed for Cryptosporidium spp. by nested PCR and sequence analyses of the small subunit rRNA gene. The overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. was 31.5% (381/1,211), with a higher infection rate in raccoon dogs (37.7%, 117/310) than in foxes (32.4%, 97/299) and minks (27.7%, 167/602). By age, the highest infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. were observed in raccoon dogs of 1-2 months, minks of 5-6 months, and foxes of > 12 months. Three Cryptosporidium species and genotypes were detected, including C. canis (n = 279), C. meleagridis (n = 65) and Cryptosporidium mink genotype (n = 37). Among the three major host species, raccoon dogs were infected with C. canis only (n = 117), while foxes were infected with both C. canis (n = 32) and C. meleagridis (n = 65), and minks with C. canis (n = 130) and Cryptosporidium mink genotype (n = 37). Subtyping of C. canis by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein gene identified eight subtypes. They belonged to two known subtype families, XXa and XXd, and two novel subtype families XXf and XXg, with host adaptation at the subtype family level. Notably, C. canis from foxes was genetically distant from those in other hosts. Further subtyping analysis identified three subtypes (IIIeA21G2R1, IIIeA19G2R1 and IIIeA17G2R1) of C. meleagridis and two novel subtype families Xf and Xg of the Cryptosporidium mink genotype. The presence of zoonotic C. canis subtypes in raccoon dogs and C. meleagridis subtypes in foxes suggests that these fur animals might be potential reservoirs for human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium spp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Divergent Cryptosporidium species and host-adapted Cryptosporidium canis subtypes in farmed minks, raccoon dogs and foxes in Shandong, China

Wang

Wei

Cao

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…The high rate of infection in various types of birds may be due to poor management of the birds in the same cage, stressing conditions, area of sampling (farming/ captive), the sampling methods and samples size the presence of small mammals in pet stores that may be infected with Cryptosporidium spp., and possibly other factors could have caused the spread of oocyst in the surrounding and birds may be considered as mechanical transporters of Cryptosporidium spp. (Al-khayat and Al-Zubaidi, 2015; Lin et al, 2022).…”

Section: Primers Of Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional and Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium Parasite in Quails (Coturnix coturnix) in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Yahya¹,

Al-Zubaidi²

2023

AAVS

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“…Oocysts shedding varies depending on the species of Cryptosporidium and the condition of the host; C. meleagridis is known for having low shedding, which is consistent with (Lin et al, 2022). On (G2, G3, and G4), the oocysts shed continuously for 16, 13, and 9 days, respectively.…”

Section: Drug Effectivnessmentioning

confidence: 64%

Biology, Histopathology and Treatment Evaluation Against Cryptosporidium meleagirids on Infected Quails

Yahya¹,

Al-Zubaidi²

2023

AAVS

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Cryptosporidium is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite causing gastrointestinal disorders in various hosts worldwide. The current study was undertaken to study the biology of Cryptosporidium meleagridis and examine the anti-Cryptosporidial efficacy of curcumin in experimentally infected quails compared with that of paromomycin. This study carries out from September 2022 to January 2023 in Baghdad city, Iraq. Oocysts were isolated from naturally infected quails identified as Cryptosporidium meleagridis and used as a strain in experimental infection, about fifty birds were divided into five groups (G1: control negative group (con-), G2: control positive group (con+), G3: infected and treated with paromomycin, G4: infected and treated with curcumin and G5: uninfected and received curcumin). The oocyst shedding was recorded daily for 30 days. At 3,8,14, and 23 days post-infection (DPI), two quails from each group were killed humanely; ileum tissue samples were collected before and processed for histopathological evaluation. Improvement of tissue and the number of oocysts on the villi decreased after treatment. In comparison with G2, oocyst shedding was stopped at the end of the treatment period in both G3 and G4 without recurrence 10 days after drug withdrawal. The pre-patient periods (p.p) was 8-9 DPI. The maximum intensity was 11,000 oocysts per gram of feces. The first clinical sign was detected on 8 th DPI. Top of shedding occurred on 14 DPI, The patient period was 16 DPI. No clinical signs appeared on experimentally infected birds, (incubation period of 8 days). Histopathology examination of the infected ileum showed the development stages of C. meleagridis. There were significant differences between the curcumin (4.33 mg/kg/day) and paromomycin (100 mg/kg/day) treatments. Curcumin was able to treat the infection and needed father evaluation.

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Dominance of the zoonotic pathogen Cryptosporidium meleagridis in broiler chickens in Guangdong, China, reveals evidence of cross-transmission

Cited by 9 publications

References 55 publications

Divergent Cryptosporidium species and host-adapted Cryptosporidium canis subtypes in farmed minks, raccoon dogs and foxes in Shandong, China

Divergent Cryptosporidium species and host-adapted Cryptosporidium canis subtypes in farmed minks, raccoon dogs and foxes in Shandong, China

Traditional and Molecular Detection of Cryptosporidium Parasite in Quails (Coturnix coturnix) in Baghdad Province, Iraq

Biology, Histopathology and Treatment Evaluation Against Cryptosporidium meleagirids on Infected Quails

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