Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?

Farrell, Claire; Szota, Christopher; Arndt, Stefan K.

doi:10.1111/pce.12948

Cited by 89 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…However, in the current study, although TLP and P gs90 were significantly correlated, P gs90 was consistently lower than TLP, indicating that stomata remained open even after bulk leaf turgor was lost. A similar observation has been reported for some tree and shrub species (Brodribb et al, ; Farrell et al, ) and is interpreted as a decoupling between guard cell and bulk leaf water potential (Mott & Franks, ). Indeed, stomatal behaviour is governed by numerous biophysical and biochemical (i.e., abscisic acid) factors (Brodribb & Holbrook, ; Brodribb & McAdam, ; Salleo et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Tree hydraulic traits are coordinated and strongly linked to climate‐of‐origin across a rainfall gradient

Blackman

Choat

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

135

138

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Plant hydraulic traits capture the impacts of drought stress on plant function, yet vegetation models lack sufficient information regarding trait coordination and variation with climate-of-origin across species. Here, we investigated key hydraulic and carbon economy traits of 12 woody species in Australia from a broad climatic gradient, with the aim of identifying the coordination among these traits and the role of climate in shaping cross-species trait variation. The influence of environmental variation was minimized by a common garden approach, allowing us to factor out the influence of environment on phenotypic variation across species. We found that hydraulic traits (leaf turgor loss point, stomatal sensitivity to drought [P ], xylem vulnerability to cavitation [P ], and branch capacitance [C ]) were highly coordinated across species and strongly related to rainfall and aridity in the species native distributional range. In addition, trade-offs between drought tolerance and plant growth rate were observed across species. Collectively, these results provide critical insight into the coordination among hydraulic traits in modulating drought adaptation and will significantly advance our ability to predict drought vulnerability in these dominant trees species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Tree hydraulic traits are coordinated and strongly linked to climate‐of‐origin across a rainfall gradient

Blackman

Choat

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

135

138

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“…First, turgor loss can trigger the biosynthesis of abscisic acid, which leads to stomatal closure even at high leaf water potentials (McAdam & Brodribb, ). Positive correlations between π tlp and stomatal closure in woody species (Bartlett, Klein, Jansen, Choat, & Sack, ) as well as in herbaceous species (re‐analysed from Farrell et al, ) support this mechanistic linkage, and indeed the correlation also emerged in our focal species (Sun, Engelbrecht, unpubl. data).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Turgor loss point measured with traditional P – V curve methods ( π tlp‐ P – V ) was significantly related to osmotic water potential at full turgor assessed with an osmometer ( π o‐osmo ) across all 14 grassland species, and separately within the forbs and grasses measured in our study. Additionally, relations are shown for C 3 and C 4 grasses, grasses and forbs, and herbaceous and woody species combined from this and previous studies (Bartlett, Scoffoni, Ardy, et al, ; Bartlett, Scoffoni, & Sack, ; Griffin‐Nolan et al, ; Gotsch et al, ; Ocheltree et al, ; Farrell et al, ; Májeková et al, ). Relations were significant within each of the species groups (all p < .05, see legend for r 2 values) and slopes did not differ between grasses versus forbs (this study nor combined), C 3 versus C 4 , nor herbaceous versus woody species (all p > .1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…For example, in C 4 perennial grasses, species with high leaf resistance to hydraulic failure exhibited low π tlp , consistent with woody species (Ocheltree et al, ), but species from drier habitats had higher π tlp than those from wetter habitats, which is opposite to the trend in woody species (re‐analysed from Liu & Osborne, ). In most studies focusing on herbaceous species, π tlp was unrelated to their distributional association with the dryness of habitats (Farrell, Szota, & Arndt, ; Griffin‐Nolan et al, ; Májeková et al, ; Ocheltree et al, ) or biomes (re‐analysed only for herbaceous species from Bartlett, Scoffoni, & Sack, ). In a recent study, π tlp was instead positively correlated with the wet extremes of species distributions (Griffin‐Nolan et al, ), which was attributed to competition from more acquisitive (high‐ π tlp ) species limiting the distribution of low‐ π tlp species into wetter habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species

et al. 2020

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Turgor loss point (πtlp) has been suggested to be a key trait for drought resistance in woody species. In herbaceous grassland species, the role of πtlp for species drought survival has not yet been tested, although grasslands are projected to experience more frequent and intense droughts with climate change. To gain insights into the role of πtlp for drought resistance of temperate perennial grassland species, we assessed πtlp of 41 species common in Germany (20 forbs, 21 grasses). We directly related them to the species’ comparative whole‐plant drought survival and midday leaf water potentials under drought (ΨMD) assessed in a common garden drought experiment, and to species moisture association. Species drought survival increased with increasing πtlp across all species as well as within forbs or grasses separately. ΨMD was positively related to πtlp and drought survival. Our results imply that high πtlp promotes drought survival of common perennial European temperate mesic grassland species by enabling them to maintain high leaf water potentials under drought, that is, a desiccation avoidance strategy. However, πtlp was not related to species moisture association. The positive relationship between πtlp and drought survival in herbaceous grassland species was opposite to the negative relationship previously established in woody plants, implying that mechanisms of drought resistance differ between woody and herbaceous species. Our results highlight the necessity of directly testing the relationship of functional traits to whole‐plant drought survival in different plant life forms, before using trait assessments for predicting plant responses to drought. A free plain language summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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“…Given that the climate measures only reflect the average dryness of a region, P50 may perform even better as a predictor of species range limits if local drought measures such as soil water potential could be used instead. Stem P50 consistently exhibits strong relationships with climatic niches of trees (Larter et al , ), but Farrell, Szota, & Arndt () urged caution in using leaf TLP to predict vulnerability to drought. We measured leaf TLP on rehydrated samples from the field and so implicitly treat leaf TLP as a fixed trait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic limits of temperate rainforest tree species are explained by xylem embolism resistance among angiosperms but not among conifers

et al. 2020

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Summary Hydraulic failure explains much of the increased rates of drought‐induced tree mortality around the world, underlining the importance of understanding how species distributions are shaped by their vulnerability to embolism. Here we determined which physiological traits explain species climatic limits among temperate rainforest trees in a region where chronic water limitation is uncommon. We quantified the variation in stem embolism vulnerability and leaf turgor loss point among 55 temperate rainforest tree species in New Zealand and tested which traits were most strongly related to species climatic limits. Leaf turgor loss point and stem P50 (tension at which hydraulic conductance is at 50% of maximum) were uncorrelated. Stem P50 and hydraulic safety margin were the most strongly related physiological traits to climatic limits among angiosperms, but not among conifers. Morphological traits such as wood density and leaf dry matter content did not explain species climatic limits. Stem embolism resistance and leaf turgor loss point appear to have evolved independently. Embolism resistance is the most useful predictor of the climatic limits of angiosperm trees. High embolism resistance in the curiously overbuilt New Zealand conifers suggests that their xylem properties may be more closely related to growing slowly under nutrient limitation and to resistance to microbial decomposition.

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Does the turgor loss point characterize drought response in dryland plants?

Cited by 89 publications

References 58 publications

Tree hydraulic traits are coordinated and strongly linked to climate‐of‐origin across a rainfall gradient

Tree hydraulic traits are coordinated and strongly linked to climate‐of‐origin across a rainfall gradient

Drought survival is positively associated with high turgor loss points in temperate perennial grassland species

Climatic limits of temperate rainforest tree species are explained by xylem embolism resistance among angiosperms but not among conifers

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