Abstract:The main purpose of this research is to verify whether the timing of unannouncedquizzes would influence students' behavior in effort investment and learning output. Findings suggested that: (1) students' in-class effort was the same whether pop-quizzes were held at the beginning or end of the class; while students studied harder outside the classroom in the beginning-of-class pop-quiz system than in the end-of-class pop quiz system; (2) students' learning output was slightly better at the beginning of the syst… Show more
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