Does the Predictive Value of Baseline Coronary Risk Factors Change over a 30-Year Follow-Up?

Pekkanen, Juha; Tervahauta, Markku; Nissinen, Aulikki; Karvonen, M. J.

doi:10.1159/000175867

Cited by 57 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, it has been shown that in the Finnish cohorts the lighter smokers in 1959 quit smoking during follow-up more often than heavier smokers. 34 It is unclear to what extent this phenomenon played a role in the time period we studied and in the other cohorts included. However, we did check whether light smokers consumed more fruits and vegetables at baseline because this may have led to bias.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cohort analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in European men

et al. 2001

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Our aim was to examine the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in a cohort of European males. Around 1970, dietary intake of Finnish, Italian and Dutch middle-aged men was assessed using a cross-check dietary history. Complete baseline information was available for 3,108 men, of whom 1,578 were baseline smokers. We used Cox proportional hazard analyses to calculate risk estimates for the consumption in country-specific tertiles on lung cancer in smokers. During 25 years of followup, 149 lung cancer deaths occurred in the smokers. Vegetable consumption was not related to lung cancer risk in smokers. However, analyses stratified on cigarette smoking intensity gave some indication for a lower lung cancer risk with higher intake. In conclusion, in this prospective analysis among European smoking men, fruit intake was inversely related to lung cancer mortality. This association was confined to heavy cigarette smokers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It is questionable how predictive a single measurement is. We know that during follow-up, changes in both diet and smoking habits occurred (for Finland, see Pekkanen et al 34 ). Fruit and vegetable consumption increased in all 3 countries, mostly in Italy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in European men

et al. 2001

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“…Furthermore, if future risk profiles are related to the association between obesity and mortality, adjustment for any of these during follow-up would bias assessment of the true mortality risk associated with obesity. A high degree of correlation of BMI measured throughout adult life (30) and the uncertain long-term effects of weight loss interventions (2) support the rationale for identifying BMI in adulthood as a target for prevention. Our study confirms that the relative risk for death associated with increased BMI in adulthood remains relatively constant throughout life (12,31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in Adulthood and Its Consequences for Life Expectancy: A Life-Table Analysis

et al. 2003

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“…13 There are no previous reports from prospective studies on the association of risk factors assessed in middle age and later in life with the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis in old age.…”

Section: -10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic manifestations of common carotid atherosclerosis in elderly eastern Finnish men. Prevalence and associations with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors.

Salonen

Tervahauta

Salonen

et al. 1994

Arterioscler Thromb

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We investigated the prevalence and associations with cardiovascular symptoms, signs, and risk factors of common carotid atherosclerosis using B-mode ultrasonography in a population sample of 182 eastern Finnish men aged 70 to 89 years. Men were examined in 1989 as a part of the 30-year follow-up examination of the eastern Finnish cohort of the Seven Countries Study. The mean maximal intima-media thickness (IMT) of the right and left common carotid arteries was 1.5 mm (range, 0.7 to 5.3 mm; standard deviation, 0.7 mm). Fifty-one percent of the subjects had nonmineralized atheroma and 91% had single or multiple mineralizations in any of the arterial segments imaged. Both mean maximal IMT and nonmineralized atheromas were associated significantly (P<.05) with the presence of cerebral atherosclerosis, carotid C ardiovascular diseases are very common in Finland, especially in middle-aged men. 1 The majority of cardiovascular diseases are of atherosclerotic origin. The occurrence of human atherosclerosis has traditionally been studied on the basis of either autopsies or invasive angiography. Therefore, it has not been possible to carry out studies in randomly selected population samples. High-resolution ultrasonography enables the noninvasive imaging and quantitative assessment of both early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions in superficial large and medium-sized arteries.Ultrasonographic assessment of atherosclerosis has been applied in population samples in studies of occurrence and risk factors of early atherosclerosis. 211 The prevalence of asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis in elderly populations is, however, not well known. -10Ultrasonographically assessed carotid atherosclerosis has predicted the risk of coronary events in middle-aged men. and symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cerebrovascular disease in the elderly.12 Prospective population studies indicate that the impact of the major coronary risk factors, smoking, elevated serum cholesterol concentration, and hypertension, is attenuated in the elderly. 13 There are no previous reports from prospective studies on the association of risk factors assessed in middle age and later in life with the occurrence of carotid atherosclerosis in old age.The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of different manifestations of B-mode ultrasonographically assessed cases of common carotid atherosclerosis and their associations with cardiovascular symptoms and signs assessed at the same time and with past and present levels of the major cardiovascular risk factors in elderly eastern Finnish men. Methods Study PopulationIn 1959, all 1711 men aged 40 to 59 years, living in two rural areas in eastern and southwestern Finland, were invited to take part in a prospective study of CHD and other atherosclerotic diseases, the Seven Countries Study. 1415 In this original study cohort 823 men were from eastern Finland and 888 men were from southwestern Finland. The 30-year follow-up examination of surviving men was performed in 1989, wh...

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Does the Predictive Value of Baseline Coronary Risk Factors Change over a 30-Year Follow-Up?

Cited by 57 publications

References 10 publications

Cohort analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in European men

Cohort analysis of fruit and vegetable consumption and lung cancer mortality in European men

Obesity in Adulthood and Its Consequences for Life Expectancy: A Life-Table Analysis

Ultrasonographic manifestations of common carotid atherosclerosis in elderly eastern Finnish men. Prevalence and associations with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors.

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