Does the aggressiveness of the prey modify the attack behavior of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Stål) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)?

Selection of prey to improve biological parameters of the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas, 1851) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in laboratory conditions

“…nigrispinus nymphs consumed all species of caterpillars (S. frugiperda, A. gemmatalis, and D. saccharalis) (Table 1), but they consumed more larvae of M. domestica than any other prey species, probably because of the body size of the individuals to be smaller, while T. molitor larvae were the least consumed prey, probably due the exoskeleton of its larvae is well sclerotized, making them less preferable for pentatomid predators (Silva et al, 2012 Means ± confidence interval followed by the same letter in the same column do not differ according to a Tukey test at the 1% level of probability. **Indicates a significant difference (P <0.01).…”

“…According to Lemos et al (2005), larvae attacked by predators exhibit different responses, for example, they may escape and/or attack with bites or regurgitation of compounds during fights, causing injury or even the death of the predators. The low viability of P. nigrispinus fed on S. frugiperda and A. gemmatalis larvae is probably due to the stronger defense reactions of these prey when attacked compared to T. molitor and M. domestica (Silva et al, 2012). Sudden movements of the body and head by caterpillars of S. frugiperda and A. gemmatalis during attacks by P. nigrispinus resulted in the death of nymphs.…”

“…Females fed on T. molitor larvae had shorter lives. This may be related to the lower consumption of this prey by adults because of their hardened integument (Silva et al, 2012), which suggests that T. molitor was not sufficient for females to acquire sufficient energy to reproduce and survive. Our results differed from those obtained by Oliveira et al (2004a) who found no difference in the longevity of P. nigrispinus males fed on T. molitor or S. frugiperda larvae.…”

Seven decades of studies with Asopinae predators in Brazil (1933●-○2014)

“…These studies may aid in the implementation of biological control programs with Asopinae, since thermal requirements can predict the unfeasibility of such programs in certain locations in Brazil and worldwide (DIDONET et al, 1995;MEDEIROS et al, 2004;SANTOS et al, 2005;TORRES et al, 1998).…”

“…In 1995, at the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), the first doctoral thesis was defended which dealt specifically with Asopinae predators whose theme was "Artificial diet for Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) and influence on its ability for predation of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner" (SAAVEDRA, 1995). Through years of research and investigations, advances with Asopinae predators have resulted in various studies of biology and plant health such as: increasing the number of species reported (THOMAS, 1992), definition and presentation of the main species for biological control programs (PIRES et al, 2009a;THOMAS, 1992), increase in the number of institutions collaborating in this line of research (Federal University of Viçosa -UFV, Federal University of Lavras -UFLA, Federal University of Mato Grosso -UFMT, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri -UFVJM, Federal University of Paraíba -UFPB, Federal University of Grande Dourados -UFGD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul -UFRGS, Federal University of Minas Gerais -UFMG, Federal University of Pará -UFPA, Federal Rural Univeristy of Pernambuco -UFRPE and EMBRAPA), evolution of equipment for mass rearing and techniques and form of management (MOLINA-RUGAMA et al, 1998;PELÚZIO, 2012;PIRES et al, 2006;ZANUNCIO et al, 1994a), accommodation and ambience (MEDEIROS et al, 2003;SANTOS et al, 2005), physiology and internal and external morphology (AZEVEDO et al, 2007;GUEDES et al, 2007;LEMOS et al, 2006;2005a;SOARES et al, 2011;SÁ et al, 2013), studies on sensory and (ALDRICH et al, 1997;CORACINI et al, 1999;TORRES et al, 1997a) behavioral aspects (CARVALHO et al, 1995;1994;FERREIRA et al, 2008;LEMOS et al, 2005d;PIRES et al, 2010a;SAAVEDRA et al, 1997;SILVA et al, 2012;VIVIAN et al, 2002), toxicology, with focus on studies on selectivity of insecticides ...…”