Does the Absence of the Palmaris Longus Affect Grip and Pinch Strength?

Sebastin, Sandeep J.; Lim, Aymeric; Bee, W. H.; Wong, Tien; Methil, B. V.

doi:10.1016/j.jhsb.2005.03.011

Cited by 60 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We have determined that grip strength of the hand wrist was not affected in the absence of PLM. It has been reported that patients requiring a palmaris longus tendon graft could be divided into two main groups depending on the functional status of the donor's upper extremity [11]. In the first group, the donor's upper extremity was normal and the palmaris longus was needed for reconstruction elsewhere, e.g., lip augmentation, ptosis correction, management of facial paralysis, tendon reconstruction in the opposite extremity, etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probable effects of the palmaris longus muscle on hand functions have been studied and no clinically significant difference was observed [11]. We tried to answer the question of whether the functional value of the palmaris longus muscle bears a statistical value and significance in healthy subjects or not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the average of these values was recorded. Grip strength was measured using a calibrated Jamar dynamometer at level 2 in a standardized position, as described by the American Association of Hand Therapists [11]. The pinch strength between thumb and the second, third, fourth, and fifth fingers was measured by using a pinch meter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its absence can easily be determined clinically; it is easy to harvest and it has a long and flat tendon allowing good revascularization. For these reasons, it is commonly used as a tendon graft by plastic and hand surgeons [11]. It has also been used for a wide variety of procedures including lip augmentation, ptosis correction, and in the management of facial paralysis [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of palmaris longus muscle (PLM) has been reported not to affect grip strength and pinch strength [11]. The prevalence of the absence of the palmaris longus tendon is around 15 % according to the standard textbooks but widely varies in different populations and ethnic groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Muscle and its Relationship with Grip and Pinch Strength: A Study in a Turkish Pediatric Population

Çetin¹,

Genç

Sevil³

et al. 2013

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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Clinical studies generally reveal a trend of variation in the reported prevalence of the palmaris longus (PL) muscle absence. The aim of this study was to find an answer to the question of whether the congenital absence of tendon would affect hand functions or not. A total of 585 subjects, comprised of 305 males and 280 females, were included in our study. Mean age was 8.9±1.4 standard deviation within a range of 6-11. For both sexes, the groups were divided further into three subgroups including 6-7, 8-9, and 10-11 years of age ranges. The grip strength of each hand and pinch strength of all fingers of each subject were measured separately. The absence of PL tendon in the right hand was 35.4 % in females, 25.9 % in males, and 30.4 % in overall average. The distribution of absence of the palmaris longus muscle between both genders was statistically significant. The p value for the right hand was 0.013. The absence of PL tendon in the left hand was 37.5 % in females, 27.9 % in males, and an overall average of 32.5 %. The p value for the left hand was 0.017. In terms of grip strength, a comparison between females and males did not reveal a significant difference. The pinch strength of the second fingers of both hands did not show any difference in both sexes. Pinch strength of the third finger of the right hand was different only in girls of subgroup 6-7 ages (p=0.024). In girls, the pinch strength of the fourth finger of the right hand of subgroups 6-7 and 10-11 ages showed difference (p = 0.009 and p=0.026, respectively). In boys, the fourth finger in subgroup of 8-9 ages showed significant difference in both hands (p=0.011). The fifth fingers of both hands were found different in males for only subgroup of 8-9 ages (p= 0.001). Pinch strength of the fifth finger of the right hand was different in females for only subgroups of 6-7 and 10-11 ages (p=0.023 and p=0.047, respectively). While grip strength of the hand was not affected in the case of absence of the palmaris longus, in both sexes, pinch strength of the fourth and fifth fingers of both hands decreased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Muscle and its Relationship with Grip and Pinch Strength: A Study in a Turkish Pediatric Population

Çetin¹,

Genç

Sevil³

et al. 2013

Hand (New York, N,Y.)

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Anatomical variation is the norm: A novel curriculum framework

Kimmorley,

Reynolds,

Gregory

2024

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Anatomical variation is an inherent part of every health curriculum, due in large to the negative clinical consequences that can ensue if anatomical variation is not thoroughly understood. However, current literature fails to describe any structured whole‐of‐course pedagogy for the teaching of anatomical variation in higher education. This study therefore aimed to (i) propose a whole‐of‐course curriculum framework to guide academic development and implementation of anatomical variation resources and assessment; and (ii) assess the depth of anatomical variation knowledge in a multiyear undergraduate health‐science cohort (n = 152) at the Queensland University of Technology. Current anatomical variation pedagogy, and subsequently the need for the curriculum framework, were explored using a scoping review protocol. As part of this study, anatomical variation was novelly defined as macroscopic differences in morphology (shape and size), topography (location), developmental timing, or frequency (number) of an anatomical structure between individuals that form during embryological or subadult development and result in no substantive, observable interruption to physiological function. The framework incorporated three themes of anatomical variation learning outcomes: description of anatomical variation, theories of the professional implications of variation, and investigation of variant formation. These themes were strongly aligned with the concepts recommended for teaching identified through the scoping review. Significant deficits in anatomical variation student knowledge were identified, with the third‐year cohort recording a mean total score of only 54.6%. A strong recommendation to implement the anatomical variation curriculum framework in all medical and health‐science curricula is made to intentionally develop student understanding of anatomical variation and improve future clinical practice.

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The palmaris longus muscle and its relations with the antebrachial fascia and the palmar aponeurosis

et al. 2009

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The palmaris longus (PL) is a muscle of the forearm with a long distal tendon that is continuous with the palmar aponeurosis (PA). It is generally assumed that the muscle lies deep to the antebrachial fascia from origin to termination, but a detailed description is lacking. The relationship of the PL tendon with the antebrachial fascia was studied in 30 dissections. The PL was completely absent in six specimens (20%), whereas the PA was identified in all. Average length of the forearm was 25.5 cm (SD: 2.1 cm, range 22-29 cm), overall length of the PL muscle 26.9 cm (SD: 2.6 cm, range 22.5-31.5 cm), muscular belly 13.8 cm (SD: 3.4 cm, range 9.5-23 cm), tendon 13.1 cm (SD: 3.3 cm, range 8-15.5 cm). Proximally, the PL was situated deep to the antebrachial fascia, then in the lower third of the forearm its tendon perforated the antebrachial fascia (at 4.7 +/- 1.7 cm from the bistyloid line) moving to a suprafascial plane, inserting in the PA. The PA could be divided into two layers: the superficial one formed by longitudinal fibers and adherent to the skin, the deep one formed by transverse fibers continuous laterally with the deep fascia of the hand. The PL tendon was found to be in continuity only with the longitudinal fibers of the PA. Based on the anatomical findings, it may be suggested that the superficial part of the PA is situated in the subcutaneous planes of the palm, and that the muscle should be considered as a tensor of the superficial fascial system of the subcutaneous tissue.

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Does the Absence of the Palmaris Longus Affect Grip and Pinch Strength?

Cited by 60 publications

References 10 publications

Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Muscle and its Relationship with Grip and Pinch Strength: A Study in a Turkish Pediatric Population

Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Muscle and its Relationship with Grip and Pinch Strength: A Study in a Turkish Pediatric Population

Anatomical variation is the norm: A novel curriculum framework

The palmaris longus muscle and its relations with the antebrachial fascia and the palmar aponeurosis

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