Does In Utero Exposure to Heavy Maternal Smoking Induce Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms in Neonates?

Godding, Véronique; Bonnier, Christine; Fiasse, Léon; Michel, Marianne; Longueville, E.; Lebecque, Patrick; Robert, Annie; Galanti, Laurence

doi:10.1203/01.pdr.0000112099.88740.4e

Cited by 62 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Although several authors describe abnormal newborn behavior of exposed infants immediately after delivery, the findings are more consistent with drug toxicity, which steadily improves over time, 144,145 as opposed to an abstinence syndrome, in which clinical signs would escalate over time as the drug is metabolized and eliminated from the body. There is 1 report of withdrawal from prenatal alcohol exposure in infants with fetal alcohol syndrome born to mothers who drank heavily during pregnancy, 146 but withdrawal symptoms have not been reported in longitudinal studies available in the extant literature.…”

Section: Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Long-term Effects on the Exposed Fetus

Behnke¹,

Levy²,

Ammerman³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

485

389

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Prenatal substance abuse continues to be a significant problem in this country and poses important health risks for the developing fetus. The primary care pediatrician’s role in addressing prenatal substance exposure includes prevention, identification of exposure, recognition of medical issues for the exposed newborn infant, protection of the infant, and follow-up of the exposed infant. This report will provide information for the most common drugs involved in prenatal exposure: nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, and methamphetamine.

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Section: Withdrawalmentioning

confidence: 92%

Prenatal Substance Abuse: Short- and Long-term Effects on the Exposed Fetus

Behnke¹,

Levy²,

Ammerman³

et al. 2013

Pediatrics

485

389

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This fact raises a major perinatal and pediatric health issue since tobacco smoke impairs placental function depriving the fetus from oxygen and nutrients (6). The observation of isolated transient symptoms (e.g., irritability, tremor) in newborns from heavy smoking mothers led to hypothesize the possibility of a nicotine withdrawal syndrome as a result of chronic prenatal exposure to high levels of tobacco smoke (5,7,8). Moreover, it has been shown that cigarette smoke, a mixture of over 4,000 compounds, can significantly affect normal intrauterine development of the fetal nervous system (9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Urinary Cotinine Correlates With Behavioral Alterations in Newborns Prenatally Exposed to Tobacco Smoke

et al. 2007

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Altered behavior due to prenatal smoke exposure was examined in 25 neonates born from smoking mothers who consumed at least 5 cigarettes/d during the entire gestation. Data were compared with 25 matched neonates born from nonsmoking mothers. Neonatal behavior was evaluated using the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS). Antenatal exposure to tobacco smoke at the end of the pregnancy was determined by measurement of urinary cotinine. Newborns from smoking mothers showed significant lower scores in various BNBAS items compared with neonates from nonsmoking mothers. A strong correlation was observed between infant irritability and urinary cotinine in newborns from smoker and nonsmoking mothers and with number of daily smoked cigarettes and maternal nicotine daily intake of infants exposed to active maternal smoking. Linear regression analysis showed that urinary cotinine was the best predictor of infant irritability (r 2 ϭ 0.727). The latter was also associated to the neonate's low level of attention and poor response to inanimate auditory stimuli. Among infants from nonsmoking mothers, paternal smoking significantly correlated with infant urinary cotinine and infant irritability, being also the best predictor of irritability (r 2 ϭ 0.364). Neonatal behavior can be significantly altered in a dose-dependent manner even after modest prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke.

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“…Chez les mères fumeuses, le risque de mort subite du nourrisson [28] et le taux de mortalité infantile au cours de la première année sont majorés [29] : syndrome de sevrage dans les premiers jours de vie [30], syndrome d'hyperactivité [31], risque plus élevé de développer une dépendance à la cigarette à l'adolescence et à l'âge adulte [32]. Les affections de l'arbre respiratoire sont majorées : augmentation du volume alvéolaire et du calibre des voies aériennes, responsable d'asthme ou d'emphysème… [33].…”

Section: Répercussions Sur Les Enfantsunclassified