Does Immigration Affect Whether US Natives Major in Science and Engineering?

Orrenius, Pia M.; Zavodny, Madeline

doi:10.1086/676660

Cited by 50 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…In addition, as noted above, the likelihood that someone might major in a STEM field has been found to be negatively related to household income. Orrenius and Zavodny (2013) find that the foreign born share decreases the likelihood that natives major in STEM fields. Finally, education inputs could have changed and altered student preparation for college.…”

Section: Iiib Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 81%

State Merit Aid Programs and College Major: A Focus on STEM

Sjoquist

Winters

2015

Journal of Labor Economics

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Since 1991 more than two dozen states have adopted merit-based student financial aid programs, intended at least in part to increase the stock of human capital by improving the knowledge and skills of the state's workforce. At the same time, there has been growing concern that the U.S. is producing too few college graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Using both microdata from the American Community Survey and student records from the University System of Georgia, this paper examines whether recently adopted state merit-aid programs have affected college major decisions, with a focus on STEM fields. We find consistent evidence that state merit programs did in fact reduce the likelihood that a young person in the state will earn a STEM degree.JEL Classification: I23, J24

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Section: Iiib Robustnessmentioning

confidence: 81%

State Merit Aid Programs and College Major: A Focus on STEM

Sjoquist

Winters

2015

Journal of Labor Economics

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“…26 For example, Matloff (2003), Hira (2010), Borjas and Doran (2012), and Bound et al (2015a). 27 For example, Borjas (2005Borjas ( , 2006, Lowell and Salzman (2007), and Orrenius and Zavodny (2015).…”

Section: Economic Implications Of High-skilled Migration Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Skilled Migration and Agglomeration

Kerr

Özden

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Econ.

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This paper reviews recent research regarding high-skilled migration. We adopt a data-driven perspective, bringing together and describing several ongoing research streams that range from the construction of global migration databases, to the legal codification of national policies regarding highskilled migration, to the analysis of patent data regarding cross-border inventor movements. A common theme throughout this research is the importance of agglomeration economies for explaining high-skilled migration. We highlight some key recent findings and outline major gaps that we hope will be tackled in the near future.

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“…STEM employment and the tech industry in particular are often viewed as insufficiently inclusive of women and underrepresented minorities, with STEM employment being dominated by white and Asian males (Weise and Guynn, 2014;Bidwell, 2015;Neate, 2015;Lowe, 2016;Vara, 2016). There is much concern that America is producing too few STEM graduates, especially among underrepresented populations, and competition from skilled foreign workers may be crowding natives out of STEM occupations and discouraging them from investing in STEM skills (Bound et al, , 2015Orrenius and Zavodny, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large influx of foreign-born STEM workers has the potential to alter the college major deci-3 sions of natives as they prepare for occupations that are more complementary with foreign STEM workers. There is also some concern that minorities and women, who are already considerably underrepresented in STEM fields, may be most strongly affected (Orrenius and Zavodny, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, women and minorities might be the most likely to be pushed out of STEM degrees or STEM occupations by increases in foreign STEM workers. However, the research literature on the effects of foreigners on native STEM education and employment is very thin, with Orrenius and Zavodny (2015) being a noted exception by examining the effects on native college major of same-age foreigners while natives are in school. Orrenius and Zavodny (2015) find that increases in same-age foreigners reduce STEM education for females but not males.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the US Immigration Act of 1990

Ransom¹,

Winters

2020

ILR Review

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. ABSTRACT Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the U.S. Immigration Act of 1990This paper examines effects of the U.S. Immigration Act of 1990 on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) degree completion and labor market outcomes for native-born Americans. The Act increased the in-flow and stock of foreign STEM workers in the U.S., both by increasing green card allotments and by expanding temporary work visas via the H-1B visa program. These policy changes potentially altered the relative desirability of various college majors and occupations for natives. We examine effects of the policy on STEM degree completion, STEM occupational choice, and employment rates separately for black and white males and females. We identify the effects using variation in natives' exposure to foreign STEM workers and the geographic dispersion in foreign-born STEM workers in 1980, which precedes the Act and predicts future foreign STEM flows. We find that the Immigration Act changed natives' skill investment and utilization in three ways: (1) it pushed black males out of STEM majors; (2) it pushed white male STEM graduates out of STEM occupations; and (3) it pushed white female STEM graduates out of the workforce. JEL Classification:J24, J61

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Does Immigration Affect Whether US Natives Major in Science and Engineering?

Cited by 50 publications

References 51 publications

State Merit Aid Programs and College Major: A Focus on STEM

State Merit Aid Programs and College Major: A Focus on STEM

High-Skilled Migration and Agglomeration

Do Foreigners Crowd Natives out of STEM Degrees and Occupations? Evidence from the US Immigration Act of 1990

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