Does Belgium (still) exist? Differences in political culture between Flemings and Walloons

Billiet, Jaak; Maddens, Bart; Frognier, André-Paul

doi:10.1080/01402380600968802

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Almost four out of ten in the Dutch-speaking group indicate that they do not trust people from other ethnic groups. These rather intolerant attitudes are not a new finding : Eurobarometer surveys (1997: Eurobarometer surveys ( , 2001: Eurobarometer surveys ( and 2006, for the general population; Billiet et al, 2006) have already shown that young Belgians are fairly intolerant compared with other European countries. In general, we see that the French-speaking youngsters are more tolerant.…”

Section: Main Hypothesis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Belgium is a society with multiple government levels, making it a linguistically divided country (e.g. the two language groups have a separate labour market and educational system (Billiet et al, 2006).…”

Section: Data Methods and The Belgian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cultural divide between the language groups in Belgium has already often been addressed (Billiet et al, 2006). The two regions have different identities.…”

Section: Data Methods and The Belgian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does European Citizenship Increase Tolerance in Young People?

Quintelier

Dejaeghere

2008

European Union Politics

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A B S T R A C TWhile Europe is celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of the signing of the Rome Treaty, there is much doubt about the extent of citizens' emotional attachment to Europe. In this article we examine whether young Belgians show a sense of European citizenship, using a range of questions about the European Union (EU) from a survey administered to more than 6000 secondary school students. We show that a genuine identification with Europe -one that is not purely based on a positive evaluation of the EU from a utilitarian point of view -is related to higher levels of tolerance towards ethnic minorities, Muslims and immigrants. In addition, we will provide an overview of the literature on European citizenship and its potential connection to a higher degree of tolerance towards different cultures.

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Section: Main Hypothesis and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Methods and The Belgian Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does European Citizenship Increase Tolerance in Young People?

Quintelier

Dejaeghere

2008

European Union Politics

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“…The dependent variable shows, firstly, that -as expected -the Flemish parties were noticed most by Flemish voters: the Walloon parties were only noticed most by 7 per cent of respondents. This is not unexpected: as mentioned in the methods section, the French-and Dutch-speaking parts of Belgium operate mostly separate from one another -the media and party systems are split, and public opinion also diverges (Billiet et al 2008;Sinardet 2007). Similarly, the Walloon parties receive comparatively little attention in the mass media.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Flanders is the largest region of Belgium, a small consociational democracy in Western Europe (Deschouwer 2009). Due to the specific nature of the Belgian polity, which has split political and media systems, the Flemish and Walloon regions are mostly separated from one another (Billiet et al 2008;Sinardet 2007). Moreover, the regional level of policy-making has become important, and these elections should be considered first-order elections in the minds of voters, parties and media: the political actors were very active during the campaign, while the media gave much attention to the regional elections, almost on a par with the attention given to the national (federal) elections.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associative Issue Ownership as a Determinant of Voters’ Campaign Attention

Lefevere¹,

Tresch

Walgrave

2015

West European Politics

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Are you Talking to us? How Subnational Governments Respond to Global Sustainable Development Governance

Happaerts

2012

Env Pol Gov

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Subnational governments (such as provinces, states or regions) are largely ignored in international policy documents on sustainable development, and they are not recognized in multilateral decision‐making. Nevertheless, many subnational governments have launched sustainable development policies. This article examines to what extent they take global sustainable development governance into account when doing so. The theoretical framework presents two mechanisms of international influence, building mostly upon the policy convergence literature. That framework is then applied on a comparative policy analysis of five subnational governments: North Holland (the Netherlands), North Rhine‐Westphalia (Germany), Wallonia (Belgium), Flanders (Belgium) and Quebec (Canada). The findings show that subnational governments with a distinct territorial identity react differently on international trends from other subnational governments. Flanders and Quebec, which have such an identity, follow the rules and decision‐making procedures of the international sustainable development regime, and they translate the norms and principles into their policies. The article also finds that the influence of international policies is determined by the active participation of subnational governments in multilateral decision‐making. Finally, it is argued that the legitimacy pressures exerted by international organizations on lower‐level governments to adopt certain policies have a varying impact on subnational governments dependent on their domestic context. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

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Does Belgium (still) exist? Differences in political culture between Flemings and Walloons

Cited by 72 publications

References 3 publications

Does European Citizenship Increase Tolerance in Young People?

Does European Citizenship Increase Tolerance in Young People?

Associative Issue Ownership as a Determinant of Voters’ Campaign Attention

Are you Talking to us? How Subnational Governments Respond to Global Sustainable Development Governance

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