Does adipose tissue influence bioelectric impedance in obese men and women?

Baumgartner, Richard N.; Ross, Robert; Heymsfield, Steven B.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1998.84.1.257

Cited by 96 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For one, aging must cause a number of anatomic and physiologic changes that in¯uence electrical conduction independent from¯uid distribution effects. Moreover, relative adiposity tends to increase with age and this could play a role, although small one, in determining total tissue conductivity (Baumgartner et al, 1998). Our ®ndings suggest that additional basic BIA studies are needed to improve understanding of appendicular conduction pathways, although at an empirical level development of good skeletal muscle mass prediction models is possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: prediction from multiple frequency segmental bioimpedance analysis

et al. 1998

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Objectives: Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) methods have potential to predict appendicular skeletal muscle mass (SM), although available 50 kHz prediction models include, in addition to impedance (Z), an independent age term. An age term in models is undesirable as it re¯ects incomplete understanding of underlying conduction physiology. This study tested the hypothesis, based on¯uid distribution models related to aging, that appendicular SM bioimpedance analysis (BIA) prediction models would no longer include an independent age term, after ®rst controlling for stature-adjusted appendicular impedance (height 2 aZ), at injected frequencies greater than 50 kHz. Design: Cross-sectional evaluation of adults who had segmental Z and phase angle (f) measured with multiple frequency BIA, and arm and leg SM with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Skeletal muscle prediction models were developed with appendicular SM as dependent variable and height 2 aZ, gender, age and f as potential independent variables. Results: Examination of hypothesis in 49 subjects indicated: both arm and leg SM were highly correlated with height 2 asegmental Z at frequencies ranging from 1 ± 300 kHz; gender was signi®cant covariate in prediction models only at 1 kHz; age remained a signi®cant covariate after controlling for height 2 asegmental Z at all frequencies; f did not add signi®cantly to models; and SM prediction models gave maximum R 2 at 50 kHz for arm but R 2 continued to rise up to 300 kHz for leg. Conclusion: Although multifrequency BIA did not eliminate SM prediction model age term, our ®ndings suggest injected frequencies up to 300 kHz may have advantages for evaluating leg SM over conventional 50 kHz method.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: prediction from multiple frequency segmental bioimpedance analysis

et al. 1998

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“…In obese women, however, using the bio-electrical impedance method, FFM could be slightly overestimated by about 3 kg. 24 Correlation analysis (Table 3) All absolute isokinetic strength measurements correlated only weak to moderately positive with absolute handgrip strength in lean and obese women. This is in accordance with the study of Shepard et al which was performed in older subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whole body measurements were taken with the patient positioned and the electrodes connected in the standardized position, as described by Baumgartner. 24 The participants had an overnight fast (no eating or drinking) and had taken no medication that could affect water content of the body.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of differences in peripheral muscle strength of lean versus obese women: an allometric approach

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether peripheral muscle strength is signi®cantly different between lean and obese women controlled for age and physical activity, using an allometric approach. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of isometric handgrip and isokinetic leg and trunk muscle strength. SUBJECTS: 173 obese (age 39.9 AE 11.4 y, body mass index (BMI) 37.8 AE 5.3 kgam 2 ) and 80 lean (age 39.7 AE 12.2 y, BMI 22.0 AE 2.2 kgam 2 ) women. MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measures (weight, height) and body composition (bioelectrical impedance method), isometric handgrip (maximal voluntary contraction on the Jamar dynamometer), isokinetic trunk¯exion ± extension, trunk rotation, and knee¯exion ± extension (Cybex dynamometers). RESULTS: Absolute isokinetic strength output (that is, strength uncorrected for fat-free mass) was larger in obese compared to lean women, except for knee¯exion and isometric handgrip, which were not signi®cantly different (P b 0.05). Pearson correlation coef®cients between strength measures and fat-free mass (kg) were low to moderate both in lean (r 0.28 ± 0.53, P`0.05) and in obese (r 0.29 ± 0.49, P`0.001) women. There was no correlation with fat mass (kg) in the lean, whereas in the obese women a weak positive relation could be observed for most isokinetic data (r 0.21 ± 0.39, P`0.01). When correcting for fat-free mass (raised to the optimal exponent determined by allometric scaling), all strength measurements were at least 6% lower in obese when compared to the lean women, except for trunk¯exion, which was at least 8% stronger in obese women. DISCUSSION: The higher absolute knee extension strength measures of leg and the similar extension strength of the trunk in the obese sample compared to the lean might be explained by the training effect of weight bearing and support of a larger body mass. However when the independent effect of fat-free mass is removed, these strength measures, as well as oblique abdominal muscle and handgrip strength, turned out to be lower in obese women. These observations could be the re¯ection of the overall impairment of physical ®tness as a consequence of obesity and its metabolic complications.

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“…Moreover, adipose tissue could affect measured resistance. When the volume of adipose tissue is greater than muscle volume, a slight overestimation of FFM will result when a BIA equation derived for non-obese female subjects is applied (Baumgartner et al, 1998). An assessment of the accuracy of the TBW and FFM general equation derived from the validation group for each BMI category indicated that the general equation was valid for children across a wide BMI range.…”

Section: Development Of Bia Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children

Liu

Byrne

et al. 2011

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Background/Objectives: To develop and cross-validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations of total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) for Asian pre-pubertal children from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand. Subjects/Methods: Height, weight, age, gender, resistance and reactance measured by BIA were collected from 948 Asian children (492 boys and 456 girls) aged 8-10 years from the five countries. The deuterium dilution technique was used as the criterion method for the estimation of TBW and FFM. The BIA equations were developed using stepwise multiple regression analysis and cross-validated using the Bland-Altman approach. Results: The BIA prediction equation for the estimation of TBW was as follows: TBW ¼ 0.231 Â height 2 / resistance þ 0.066 Â height þ 0.188 Â weight þ 0.128 Â age þ 0.500 Â sexÀ0.316 Â ThaisÀ4.574 (R 2 ¼ 88.0%, root mean square error (RMSE) ¼ 1.3 kg), and for the estimation of FFM was as follows: FFM ¼ 0.299 Â height 2 /resistance þ 0.086 Â height þ 0.245 Â weight þ 0.260 Â age þ 0.901 Â sexÀ0.415 Â ethnicity (Thai ethnicity =1, others = 0)À6.952 (R 2 ¼ 88.3%, RMSE ¼ 1.7 kg). No significant difference between measured and predicted values for the whole cross-validation sample was found. However, the prediction equation for estimation of TBW/FFM tended to overestimate TBW/FFM at lower levels whereas underestimate at higher levels of TBW/FFM. Accuracy of the general equation for TBW and FFM was also valid at each body mass index category. Conclusions: Ethnicity influences the relationship between BIA and body composition in Asian pre-pubertal children. The newly developed BIA prediction equations are valid for use in Asian pre-pubertal children.

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Does adipose tissue influence bioelectric impedance in obese men and women?

Cited by 96 publications

References 15 publications

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: prediction from multiple frequency segmental bioimpedance analysis

Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: prediction from multiple frequency segmental bioimpedance analysis

Study of differences in peripheral muscle strength of lean versus obese women: an allometric approach

Validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis for total body water assessment against the deuterium dilution technique in Asian children

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