Document marking and identification using both line and word shifting

Abstract

We continue our study of document marking to deter

Text Steganographic Approaches: A Comparison

“…left or right to represent bit 0 or 1 respectively [13]. Words shift are detected using correlation method that treats a profile as a waveform and decides whether it originated from a waveform whose middle block has been shifted left or right [12]. This method can be identified less, because change of distance between words to fill a line is quite common [10,11].…”

A Novel Text Steganography System in Cricket Match Scorecard

“…In printed document the lines of the text are vertically shifted to some degrees [9,10]. For example, some lines are shifted 1/300 inch up or down in the text and information are hidden by creating a hidden unique shape of the text.…”

“…Information is hidden in the text by shifting words horizontally and by changing distance between words, [9,11]. This method is acceptable for texts where the distance between words is varying.…”

Multimedia Data-Embedding and Watermarking Technologies Manuscript received July 15, 1997; revised January 15, 1998. The Guest Editor coordinating the review of this paper and approving it for publication was A. M. Tekalp. This work was supported in part by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AF/F49620-94-1-0461 and in part by the Advanced Research Project Agency under Grant AF/F49620-93-1-0558.Publisher Item Identifier S 0018-9219(98)03519-1.

“…Embedding of messages by lowering specified letters and varying spacing between words appears time and again throughout history. Recently, the technique has been revisited in a digital context by scientists who are investigating digital watermarking of text files [6], [49], [56], [93], [98]. Examples of nontextual semagrams are equally replete.…”