Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function

Cao, Dehua; Kevala, Karl; Kim, Jeffrey; Moon, Hee Sun; Jun, Sang Beom; Lovinger, David M.; Kim, Hee Yong

doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06335.x

Cited by 319 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…The hippocampus is involved in memory formation, as well as mood control. DHA affects hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function (11). Furthermore, a change in the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the membrane phospholipids has been observed in the hippocampus of patients with depression (12).…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Depression-Related Behavior

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The functional role of brain G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) remains unclear. We investigated GPR40 signaling in depression-related behavior in mice via the forced swim test. A repeated but not a single intracerebroventricular administration of the GPR40 agonist, GW9508, reduced the duration of immobility behavior. Moreover, the levels of hippocampal non-esterified docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid were decreased immediately after the forced swimming. These results suggested that brain GPR40 signaling may regulate depression-related behavior.

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Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Depression-Related Behavior

et al. 2014

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“…DHA forms up to 40% of fatty acids in certain gray matter lipids and is concentrated at synapses, where it plays a role in synaptic plasticity [7]. In embryonic neuronal cultures, DHA supplementation promotes neurite growth and synaptic protein expression [8]. Severe long-term dietary deficiency of DHA leads to learning impairment in animal models [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

[P3–317]: DHA BRAIN UPTAKE AND APOE4 STATUS: A PET STUDY WITH [1‐¹¹C]‐DHA

Yassine

Croteau

Rawat

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

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Background: The apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (APOE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor identified for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among brain lipids, alteration in the ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) homeostasis is implicated in AD pathogenesis. APOE4 may influence both brain DHA metabolism and cognitive outcomes. Methods: Using positron emission tomography, regional incorporation coefficients (k*), rates of DHA incorporation from plasma into the brain using [1-11 C]-DHA (J in ), and regional cerebral blood flow using [ 15 O]-water were measured in 22 middle-aged healthy adults (mean age 35 years, range 19-65 years). Data were partially volume error-corrected for brain atrophy. APOE4 phenotype was determined by protein expression, and unesterified DHA concentrations were quantified in plasma. An exploratory post hoc analysis of the effect of APOE4 on DHA brain kinetics was performed. Results: The mean global gray matter DHA incorporation coefficient, k*, was significantly higher (16%) among APOE4 carriers (n = 9) than among noncarriers (n = 13, p = 0.046). Higher DHA incorporation coefficients were observed in several brain regions, particularly in the entorhinal subregion, an area affected early in AD pathogenesis. Cerebral blood flow, unesterified plasma DHA, and whole brain DHA incorporation rate (J in ) did not differ significantly between the APOE groups.

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“…It became apparent by the end of the 1990s that the requirement for DHA probably is the primary reason why -3 fatty acids are essential ( 86 ). This tentative conclusion was supported by subsequent fi ndings indicating that DHA enhances cognition ( 87 ) and synaptic function ( 88 ), and that it is converted to lipid mediators that facilitate the resolution of acute infl ammation ( 89 ), provide neuroprotection ( 90 ), and promote hippocampal development ( 91 ).…”

Section: Essential Fatty Acids In Humansmentioning

confidence: 95%

Discovery of essential fatty acids

Spector

Kim

2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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166

131

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Journal of Lipid Research Volume 56, 2015 11polyunsaturated fatty acid containing two double bonds (18:2 -6), cured this defi ciency disease and, therefore, was an essential fatty acid ( 2 ). These two seminal papers are now regarded as classics in biochemistry ( 3 ), but they initially met with considerable skepticism ( 4 ). To understand why, one must appreciate the paradigm-changing nature of the discovery and the stature of the experts whose views concerning dietary fat were being challenged by Burr's fi ndings. VIEWS ON THE ROLE OF DIETARY FAT IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURYProteins and carbohydrates were known to be indispensable dietary components by the fi rst decade of the 20th century. However, dietary fat was not considered to be essential because fatty acids were known to be synthesized from carbohydrates. The evidence concerning fat was not defi nitive due to the inability to completely extract fat from the other dietary components using the methods available in the early 1900s, and the experimental fat-free diets of that era contained traces of residual fat.Two of the most prominent physiological chemists of the early 20th century, Thomas B. Osborne of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and Lafayette B. Mendel of the Sheffi eld Scientifi c School at Yale University, began their studies on the role of dietary fat in 1912. Osborne and Mendel were working collaboratively in New Haven and were already recognized world-wide for their pioneering studies on dietary proteins. Their initial fi ndings indicated that rats gained weight normally when fed a fatfree food mixture, and they concluded that "true fats" are not required for growth ( 5 ). However, Osborne and Mendel were aware of the work of Wilhelm Stepp in Strasbourg, who found that a lipoid present in egg yolk was an essential nutrient for mice ( 6, 7 ). MacArthur and Luckett at the University of Illinois also reported that a lipoid extracted from egg yolk was necessary for optimum growth of mice ( 8 ).Abstract Dietary fat was recognized as a good source of energy and fat-soluble vitamins by the fi rst part of the 20th century, but fatty acids were not considered to be essential nutrients because they could be synthesized from dietary carbohydrate. This well-established view was challenged in 1929 by George and Mildred Burr who reported that dietary fatty acid was required to prevent a defi ciency disease that occurred in rats fed a fat-free diet. They concluded that fatty acids were essential nutrients and showed that linoleic acid prevented the disease and is an essential fatty acid. The Burrs surmised that other unsaturated fatty acids were essential and subsequently demonstrated that linolenic acid, the omega-3 fatty acid analog of linoleic acid, is also an essential fatty acid. The discovery of essential fatty acids was a paradigm-changing fi nding, and it is now considered to be one of the landmark discoveries in lipid research.

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Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function

Cited by 319 publications

References 52 publications

Involvement of the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Depression-Related Behavior

Involvement of the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Depression-Related Behavior

[P3–317]: DHA BRAIN UPTAKE AND APOE4 STATUS: A PET STUDY WITH [1‐¹¹C]‐DHA

Discovery of essential fatty acids

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Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function

Cited by 319 publications

References 52 publications

Involvement of the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Depression-Related Behavior

Involvement of the Long-Chain Fatty Acid Receptor GPR40 in Depression-Related Behavior

[P3–317]: DHA BRAIN UPTAKE AND APOE4 STATUS: A PET STUDY WITH [1‐11C]‐DHA

Discovery of essential fatty acids

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[P3–317]: DHA BRAIN UPTAKE AND APOE4 STATUS: A PET STUDY WITH [1‐¹¹C]‐DHA