Do Women Really Face Wage Discrimination on the Labour Market? An Analysis Using Intra-household Specialization

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

2017

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The study aims to determine whether the unexplained gender wage gap varies in the different sectors of the economy and to identify the possible causes of these differences. Firstly, we estimate average treatment effect on the individual sectors to identify the unexplained part of gender pay gap. To identify the possible causes of observed variability in unexplained gender wage differences, we use a linear regression model. Using European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for 24 European Union (EU) members, we conclude that the unexplained gender pay gap in the individual sectors varies both within the individual EU countries and among the countries. The most important factors in explaining the differences in the gender pay gap among the individual sectors are ownership and the proportion of women in the sector. On the other hand, the proportion of female managers and the proportion of small companies are not statistically significant factors for the explanation of the variation in the sector-specific gender pay gaps. To the best of my knowledge, this study is the first to present fully comparable estimates of the unexplained sector-specific gender pay gap for the 24 EU countries and to identify the causes of the differences in the unexplained gender pay gap at the sectoral level.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Unexplained Wage Differences Between Men and Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sector-specific gender pay gap: evidence from the European Union Countries

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja

2017

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“…To cleanse the wage differences between men and women at least partially of the effect of intra-household specialization on productivity and work effort, Hedija (2014) estimated the gender pay gap using subsample of employees earning more than their partners assuming that the larger part of care for the household and children is taken up by the partner earning less. Using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for 19 member countries of the European Union, she concluded that the unexplained part of gender pay gap amounted approximately 10 percent working to the disadvantage of women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wage Discrimination against Women in Baltic Countries

Musil²

2020

ekoncas

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The paper is devoted on the wage differences between men and women in Baltic countries. It aims to estimate the unexplained gender pay gap cleaned at least partially by effect of intra household specialization on wage. To estimate the unexplained gender pay gap, we use European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data and apply the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition accompanied by matching procedure. The results show that to take intrahousehold specialization into account led to a decrease in the unexplained gender wage differences however wage differences between men and women persists. The unexplained gender pay gap, which could be due to wage discrimination against women reaches approximately 11 percent in Latvia and Lithuania. It is significantly higher in Estonia where it amounts about 21 percent to disadvantage of women.

“…Statistics show that women in developed countries earn less on average than men do even though the right to non‐discrimination and equal pay for equal work is rooted in the law of these countries. Empirical studies show that approximately half of the gender pay gap may be explained by different characteristics of men and women, although there are significant differences among countries (Christofides, Polycarpou, & Vrachimis, ; Hedija, ; Oaxaca, ). The rest of wage differences is often attributed to differences in unobservable characteristics of individuals and wage discrimination against women (Hedija, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of female managers on gender wage gap and returns to cognitive and non‐cognitive skills

Balcar

Gender Work & Organization

2018

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There is a modest but growing empirical body of evidence on the influence of managers' gender on the wages of their male and female subordinates. Most of these studies, however, suffer from a very raw approximation of the managers' gender by the share of women in charge, and often lack many important gender‐specific personal characteristics, such as non‐cognitive skills and life–work preferences, which can lead to biased results. This article copes with the mentioned deficiencies by employing a very rich and representative dataset of 1948 employees from the Czech Republic. It reveals surprising results as it shows that the gender of the manager has an effect on the level of wages, but not on the gender wage gap. It also shows that the gender of the manager and his/her subordinate has only a weak impact on the remuneration of an employee´s non‐cognitive skills and life–work preferences.