Do variations in scanning behavior affect tolerance to human disturbance?

Fernández‐Juricic, Esteban; Schroeder, Natalia

doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2003.08.004

Cited by 54 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Anti-predator vigilance is another variable reflecting tolerance of human and predator proximity (Fernández-Juricic and Schroeder 2003). Greater investment in vigilance can increase the distance at which approaching predators and people are detected and/or the probability of detecting them.…”

Section: Vigilance Time Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In birds, FID is a useful, easilyobtained metric of boldness and tolerance of disturbance by humans, with both theoretical and management significance (Weston et al 2012;Møller et al 2014;Vines and Lill 2015). Vigilance effort has been used less often in this context, but has potential as a tolerance metric (Fernández-Juricic and Schroeder 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance of disturbance by humans in long-time resident and recent colonist urban doves

2015

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Background: A critical trait for successful urban dwelling by birds is the ability to tolerate high levels of disturbing stimulation by humans. If such tolerance is partly acquired gradually after colonization, species with a long history of residence in cities are likely to be more tolerant of such stimulation than recent urban colonists, but this has not often been tested. Methods: We tested whether introduced Rock (Columba livia) and Spotted (Streptopelis chinensis) Doves, historically long-term residents of Melbourne, Australia, were more tolerant of disturbance by humans than the very recent colonist, the native Crested Pigeon (Ochyphaps lophotes) by comparing the Flight Initiation Distances (FID) and time allocations to vigilance during foraging of all three species in urban Melbourne. That all three species are members of the Columbiformes reduces the possibility that any species differences in tolerance are simply phylogenetic in origin. Results: Flight initiation distance was shorter in Rock Doves than in the other two species, which did not differ in approachability by a human. Rock Doves retreated from an approaching human mainly by walking a relatively short distance, Crested Pigeons mainly by running a relatively short distance and Spotted Doves primarily by flying a comparatively long distance. The time allocation to anti-predator vigilance of Rock Doves was smaller than that of the other two species, whose allocations were similar.

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Section: Vigilance Time Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of disturbance by humans in long-time resident and recent colonist urban doves

2015

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“…This enabled us to statistically distinguish within-individual plasticity from patterns of non-random distributions of behavioral types (Figure 1). Human activity is known to alter behavioral phenotypes in animals (Fernandez-Juricic and Schroeder, 2003;Slabbekoorn and Peet, 2003). Based on previous literature (Brumm, 2004;Evans et al, 2010), we expected that birds would plastically up-regulate aggressiveness and down-regulate flight initiation distance with increasing levels of disturbance, and that more aggressive and bolder individuals would occur predominantly in areas with higher levels of disturbance ( Figure 1C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

An Approach to Distinguish between Plasticity and Non-random Distributions of Behavioral Types Along Urban Gradients in a Wild Passerine Bird

Sprau

Dingemanse

2017

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The impact of urbanization has been widely studied in the context of species diversity and life history evolution. Behavioral adaptation, by contrast, remains poorly understood because empirical studies rarely investigate the relative importance of two key mechanisms: plastic responses vs. non-random distributions of behavioral types. We propose here an approach that enables the simultaneous estimation of the respective roles of these distinct mechanisms. We investigated why risky behaviors are often associated with urbanization, using an urban nest box population of great tits (Parus major) as a study system. We simultaneously and repeatedly quantified individual behavior (aggression and flight initiation distance) as well as environmental factors characterizing level of urbanization (numbers of pedestrians, cars and cyclists). This enabled us to statistically distinguish plastic responses from patterns of non-random distributions of behavioral types. Data analyses revealed that individuals did not plastically adjust their behavior to the level of urbanization. Behavioral types were instead non-randomly distributed: bold birds occurred more frequently in areas with more cars and fewer pedestrians while shy individuals were predominantly found in areas with fewer cars and more pedestrians. These novel findings imply a major role for behavioral types in the evolutionary ecology of urban environments and call for the full integration of among-and within-individual variation in urban ecological studies.

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“…This behavior is seen in many animal species, primarily mammals and birds [5,6] although evidence is almost null among primates or is based on anecdotal or tangential observations [7,8]. Moreover, a growing number of studies state that many antipredator behaviors that are deployed in natural habitats are also observed in humanized environments [9][10][11][12][13][14] in which human presence triggers analogue responses in animals to those exhibited with natural predators [9]. Thus, the human influence on animal behavior can be examined in terms of the predatory dynamic, separately considering the factors involved, such as minimizing time investments in risk areas, the optimal feeding time, anti-predator vigilance and/or the decrease/increase of specific behaviors depending on the perceived risk [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance by Sentinels in a Group of Baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) in a Zoo Setting

M¹

2014

J Primatol

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Vigilance by sentinels is an anti-predator strategy by which certain group members keep watch from strategic positions, while the group is involved in other activities. Many anti-predatory behavior patterns observed in natural habitats are also deployed similarly when provoked by human presence. This work is part of a study conducted with a group of hamadryas baboons (Papio h. hamadryas) in semi-freedom in a 15-hectare zoo complex with extensive human pressure. The animals make incursions into an adjoining high-risk area to access food resources, making use of vigilance with sentinels and other risk minimization strategies. Results reveal that human presence provokes similar reactions to natural predatory pressure, forcing them to select strategies to minimize the factors involved in risk perception, such as the degree of visibility of the surroundings, minimizing the length of the incursion and behavioral restrictions.

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Do variations in scanning behavior affect tolerance to human disturbance?

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Tolerance of disturbance by humans in long-time resident and recent colonist urban doves

Tolerance of disturbance by humans in long-time resident and recent colonist urban doves

An Approach to Distinguish between Plasticity and Non-random Distributions of Behavioral Types Along Urban Gradients in a Wild Passerine Bird

Vigilance by Sentinels in a Group of Baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) in a Zoo Setting

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