One of the factors associated with the less than positive mathematics performance of American students could be poorly designed textbooks that fail to facilitate the development of critical mathematical ideas. This study examined two reform-based textbooks (Go math! and Investigations) in reference to essential, mathematical big ideas emphasized in the Essential Understanding Series (EU) presented by NCTM against the backdrop of mathematics education reform. In particular, we analyzed the features of the lessons for teaching addition and subtraction word problem solving.In some aspects, the results indicated that in terms of teaching problem comprehension and algebra readiness, the two textbook series showed improvement compared to formerly used textbooks. However, both textbook series may fall short of reflecting some important EU big ideas (e.g., teaching the underlying structure and partpart-whole relation of addition and subtraction word problems; providing students with chances to deal with exhaustive problem types and situations). In particular, our findings highlight the need for teaching word problem solving through building abstract level conceptual understanding. Implications for future textbook developing and limits are discussed.
K E Y W O R D Saddition, curriculum analysis, subtraction, word problems
| Textbooks used in the USASince the 1980s, the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM] has pushed for mathematics reform in the U.S. by developing substantial standards for instruction. Their mathematics reform advocates that mathematics education should not only focus on teaching traditional skills (e.g., computation and procedural skills) but place more emphasis on building deeper mathematics learning, such as conceptual understanding, mathematical reasoning, problem solving, and student-centered learning (e.g., National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 1989[NCTM], , 2000. As the reform has continued over the past decades, NCTM has provided sets of standards that explicitly embody the spirit of the mathematics reform. In summary, the standards stressed that high quality mathematics education should promote constructivist learning, sense making, mathematical reasoning, and a student-centered orientation, focusing on students' thinking and the use of multiple strategies to solve a problem (e.g., NCTM, 2000; National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 2014). Later, the mathematics reform moved towards establishing a set of national common standards for students across all the states. Under this circumstance, the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics (CCSSM) were released and adopted by most states. Based on the NCTM standards, the CCSSM pushed for deeper knowledge mastery, a coherent body of ideas, and application in mathematics learning (Common Core State Standards Initiative [CCSSI], 2012). Although some standards are different in the CCSSM from NCTM, the spirit of the ideas is still the same.Traditional U.S. textbooks, those which were commonly adopted before (and during)...