Do SPS measures matter for margins of trade? Evidence from firm-level data

El-Enbaby, Hoda; Hendy, Rana; Zaki, Chahir

doi:10.1080/00036846.2015.1111987

Cited by 28 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…They showed that shifting from the Codex Alimentarius standard, (established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization) to the more stringent European Commission standards decreases African exports of cereals, dried fruits, and nuts to Europe. This result has also been confirmed by El-Enbaby et al (2016) and Ghodsi et al (2017), who both found that standards and restrictions implemented in Europe and Central Asia affect imports more than do North American NTMs. Yet, some studies highlighted the potential positive effect of NTMs on exports.…”

Section: Figure 27 Number Of Ntms By Product and Country Animal Sectorsupporting

confidence: 65%

Africa in global agricultural trade

Odjo¹,

Zaki²

2020

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Section: Figure 27 Number Of Ntms By Product and Country Animal Sectorsupporting

confidence: 65%

Africa in global agricultural trade

Odjo¹,

Zaki²

2020

Self Cite

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“…Unlike conventional tariffs, which are measurable, the qualitative nature of NTMs is the main barrier to estimating their impacts. Hence, several studies have used coverage ratios to measure the incidence of NTMs [1, 20,42,43]. Coverage ratios are one of the simplest inventory measures and can be interpreted as the percentage of the value of trade that is subject to NTMs.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Production, Non-Tariff Measures, and Trade Performance in RCEP Countries

2020

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The main objective of this paper is to reinvestigate the impacts of non-tariff measures (NTMs) on bilateral exports among Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) countries. The study adds to the literature in two areas. First, we calculate coverage ratios for NTMs related to specific sustainable development goals (SDGs) imposed on bilateral trade between RCEP member countries. Second, to avoid aggregation bias, the analysis covers four major sectors, namely agrifood, health, logistics, and other manufacturing. The results of a Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) regression in a gravity model, using average import data from 2016 to 2018 at the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding Systems (HS) two-digit level (97 subsectors), show that the effects of SDG-related NTMs vary by sector. NTMs related to SDG 3 (good health and well-being) distort trade in health but enhance trade in logistics. NTMs related to SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) have a negative impact on logistics but a positive impact on other manufacturing exports. The findings provide new perspectives on the varying impacts of SDG-related NTMs on trade. Interestingly, the study finds that NTMs addressing SDGs 3 and 12 have positive trade impacts. Policymakers should, however, regulate NTM implementation, to minimize negative impacts and ensure that domestic firms comply to promote sustainable production.

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“…Other papers use firm‐level data to examine the effects of NTMs on the probability of exports occurring, and the value of exports. El‐Enbaby, Hendy, and Zaki () examine the impact of SPS measures notified to the WTO on Egyptian firm exports. They find that SPS measures reduce the probability of a firm exporting to that market but find no statistically significant effect on the intensive margin.…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market access implications of non‐tariff measures: Estimates for four developed country markets

2018

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We quantify the effects of non‐tariff measures on the extensive margin of trade, examining the number of countries exporting particular products to Canada, the European Union, New Zealand and the United States. We find that non‐tariff measures that impose a conformity requirement, that is, testing, certification or inspection, will reduce the number of countries exporting to these markets. Conformity requirements imposed for sanitary or phytosanitary reasons have the largest effect in Canada, reducing the number of exporting countries by 47% compared to the situation where no compliance requirement is imposed. Conformity requirements imposed for other reasons covered by the WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade have the largest effect in Canada and New Zealand, reducing the number of exporting countries by 27% compared to the situation where no compliance requirement is imposed. However, we generally find a statistically significant positive effect for nontariff measures that do not impose a compliance burden, suggesting that such measures may facilitate trade.

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Do SPS measures matter for margins of trade? Evidence from firm-level data

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Africa in global agricultural trade

Africa in global agricultural trade

Sustainable Production, Non-Tariff Measures, and Trade Performance in RCEP Countries

Market access implications of non‐tariff measures: Estimates for four developed country markets

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