Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies?

Anderson, Kleber M.; Costa, Suelen F.; Sampaio, Francisco J.B.; Favorito, Luciano A.

doi:10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0538

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, if there is presence of smaller testicular volume then surgical correction is required. However, other studies show that RT is seen as a variant of normal testis as it descends into the scrotum and thus is similar in testicular volume and childbearing capacity as normal testis [4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Bilateral Retractile Testis: A Possible Risk Factor for Male Infertility

Burni¹,

Khan²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

ASM

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Healthy youth is an asset and strength for economic and social growth of any society. Developmental changes during puberty of youngsters need proper guidance to avoid future physical, physiological and psychological ailments. Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) is a health problem if remains unnoticed till adolescence can lead to tribulations. BRT may affect testicular parenchyma and spermatogenesis. Cremasteric muscles (muscles attached with testes) pull the testes up into groin so it randomly moves up and down and do not reside in its natural pouch always. It has been a controversial issue in male infertility as retraction may affect infertility. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of male infertility among patients with Bilateral Retractile Testis. Methodology: A total of 200 male patients were enrolled after the power calculation, with different reproductive health problems between the age of 18 -40 years during the year 2016 at Reproductive health clinic Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi. 25 male patients were reported with infertility and BRT. The data was collected using self-developed questionnaire including outdoor patients' physical check-up, manual testicular examination as size and shape were done. Patient height, weight, blood pressure, their lifestyle, and dressing regarding wearing tight jeans habits were asked. Semen analysis was carried out showing abnormality in sperm count, motility or morphology and entered and analysed in the SPSS version 10. Means and percentages were calculated. Result: Out of 200 male infertile patients, a total of 25 (12.5%) patients with a diagnosis of BRT were found in the sample with the mean age of 29 years. Moreover, it was identified that those having BRT also have low motility of the sperms. Based on the results it was concluded that How to cite this paper: Burni

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…One emerging reproductive health problem is Bilateral Retractile Testis (BRT) [4] which is a minor, resolved problem even in childhood in developed countries whereas a major, unresolved issue in our society. Parents either ignore or misunderstand pendulous like testicular retraction which particularly affects sperm motility [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral Retractile Testis: A Possible Risk Factor for Male Infertility

Burni¹,

Khan²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2022

ASM

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“…However, Kraft et al [ 27 ] have shown that fusion anomalies, although associated with smaller testes, are not associated with significant abnormalities in the germ cell number and testicular histological structure. In turn, Anderson et al [ 28 ] observed a significantly higher prevalence of epididymal anomalies (14%) and patent PV (21%) even in retractile testes. Over 70% of patients with this condition show normal testicular development and function; however, in some cases morphological alterations in the testicular structure were found [ 29 ], as well as poor semen parameters in adulthood [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

Niedzielski

Nowak

Kucharski

et al. 2022

JCM

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The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of the testicular, epididymal, and vasal anomalies (TEVA) in cryptorchid and communicating hydrocele pediatric patients. Six hundred and ninety-one prepubertal boys underwent inguinal exploration for 741 undescended (UDT) or hydrocele testes. Two hundred and fifty-five TEVA were detected in 154 UDT boys, compared to 32 defects in 24 hydrocele patients (p < 0.001). The TEVA were more frequent in bilateral UDT (p = 0.009). Multiple defects were observed more frequently in the intra-abdominal testicles (p = 0.028). A correlation was found between the testicular atrophy index (TAI) and the incidence and number of TEVA in the UDT boys (p < 0.001). The smaller the testis (higher TAI), the more the defects that appeared in it and the higher the frequency of their appearance. Another correlation was established between testis position and the incidence and number of TEVA (p < 0.001). The higher the testis position, the more the defects that appeared in it and the higher the frequency of their appearance. A correlation was established between the position and the volume of the affected testis (p < 0.001). The higher the gonad position, the more severe the atrophy observed in it. The TEVA were more frequent in the UDT boys than in the hydrocele patients. We revealed that the risk of abnormal fusion between the testis, epididymis, and vas deferens is connected with the testis position (intra-abdominal testes) and bilateral non-descent.

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“…The measured volume values were compared, and the results showed that the volume in boys with RT was significantly less than the recently determined standard value. Anderson et al ( 69 ) conducted a prospective study of 20 boys with RT (1–12 years old) and 25 human fetuses with the testes in the scrotal position. The age range of the fetuses was 26–35 weeks of gestation.…”

Section: Treatment Of Cryptorchidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open controversies on the treatment of undescended testis: An update

et al. 2022

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Cryptorchidism is a common congenital malformation in pediatric urology. Although there have been many studies on the etiology of the disease, it has not been fully clarified, and while its diagnostic and treatment models have gradually approached standardization and systematization, some controversies regarding treatment remain. Additionally, although ultrasound is a non-invasive examination without ionizing radiation, its role in the evaluation of cryptorchidism remains controversial. The main basis for treating cryptorchidism is orchidopexy, and the main view on treatment age is that treatment should be performed between 6 and 12 months after birth, but no more than 18 months after birth. The view on hormone therapy is still controversial because most scholars believe that early surgery is the key to treatment. There are many surgical treatment methods for cryptorchidism, including traditional open surgery and laparoscopic surgery, which provide satisfactory results. In conclusion, the treatment of undescended testis (UDT) had been largely standardized, apart from the treatment of high intra-abdominal testis (IAT), which remains a matter of debate.

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Do retractile testes have anatomical anomalies?

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Bilateral Retractile Testis: A Possible Risk Factor for Male Infertility

Bilateral Retractile Testis: A Possible Risk Factor for Male Infertility

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

Open controversies on the treatment of undescended testis: An update

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