Do Patterns of Bacterial Diversity along Salinity Gradients Differ from Those Observed for Macroorganisms?

Wang, Jianjun; Yang, Dongmei; Zhang, Yong; Shen, Jian; Gast, Christopher J. van der; Hahn, Martin W.; Wu, Qinglong L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027597

Cited by 110 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Dex80-37, was only very distantly related to BC3 (87% sequence identity) and affiliates differently within the Flavobacteriaceae/Bacteriales/Sphingobacteriaceae branch ( Figure 6). Database searches indicated that sequences very closely related (ore even identical) to BC3 were retrieved in the NGS study of the Santa Pola salterns mentioned above (Ghai et al, 2011), as well as in other studies from hypersaline environments worlwide, such as in Lake Chaka (China), Chula Vista salterns (California, USA), Lake Tyrrel (Australia) and Lake Aran-o-Bidgol (Iran) (Jiang et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2011;Podell et al, 2013). However, in none of these studies there is an explicit reference to this group nor is its ubiquity acknowledged.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

From community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic Bacteroidetes generalists

et al. 2014

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The microbiota of multi-pond solar salterns around the world has been analyzed using a variety of culture-dependent and molecular techniques. However, studies addressing the dynamic nature of these systems are very scarce. Here we have characterized the temporal variation during 1 year of the microbiota of five ponds with increasing salinity (from 18% to 440%), by means of CARD-FISH and DGGE. Microbial community structure was statistically correlated with several environmental parameters, including ionic composition and meteorological factors, indicating that the microbial community was dynamic as specific phylotypes appeared only at certain times of the year. In addition to total salinity, microbial composition was strongly influenced by temperature and specific ionic composition. Remarkably, DGGE analyses unveiled the presence of most phylotypes previously detected in hypersaline systems using metagenomics and other molecular techniques, such as the very abundant Haloquadratum and Salinibacter representatives or the recently described low GC Actinobacteria and Nanohaloarchaeota. In addition, an uncultured group of Bacteroidetes was present along the whole range of salinity. Database searches indicated a previously unrecognized widespread distribution of this phylotype. Single-cell genome analysis of five members of this group suggested a set of metabolic characteristics that could provide competitive advantages in hypersaline environments, such as polymer degradation capabilities, the presence of retinal-binding light-activated proton pumps and arsenate reduction potential. In addition, the fairly high metagenomic fragment recruitment obtained for these single cells in both the intermediate and hypersaline ponds further confirm the DGGE data and point to the generalist lifestyle of this new Bacteroidetes group.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

From community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic Bacteroidetes generalists

et al. 2014

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“…In a study of soils and lake sediments associated with a hypersaline lake in Texas, moderate declines in richness were observed along a salinity gradient (67). However, increasing salinity has more commonly been shown to either have no effect on total richness (68, 69) or decrease overall phylogenetic diversity while promoting higher diversity within a few specific lineages (29,70,71). Therefore, our results are contrary to the results found in most other studies, suggesting that microbial diversity may be significantly constrained by high salinity only when communities also experience other stressors or resource limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soil salinity can also lead to high internal levels of ions that are toxic to metabolic activities (27) and can denature the extracellular enzymes necessary for carbon and nutrient acquisition. Thus, increased salinity represents a biological stress that requires evolutionary or energetically expensive solutions, has been shown to be an important determinant of microbial community composition in other systems (28,29), and creates additional stress for biological life in MDV soils.…”

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confidence: 99%

Soil Microbial Responses to Increased Moisture and Organic Resources along a Salinity Gradient in a Polar Desert

Horn

Okie

Buelow³

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

174

102

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dMicrobial communities in extreme environments often have low diversity and specialized physiologies suggesting a limited resistance to change. The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) are a microbially dominated, extreme ecosystem currently undergoing climate change-induced disturbances, including the melting of massive buried ice, cutting through of permafrost by streams, and warming events. These processes are increasing moisture across the landscape, altering conditions for soil communities by mobilizing nutrients and salts and stimulating autotrophic carbon inputs to soils. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of resource addition (water/organic matter) on the composition and function of microbial communities in the MDV along a natural salinity gradient representing an additional gradient of stress in an already extreme environment. Soil respiration and the activity of carbon-acquiring extracellular enzymes increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the addition of resources at the low-and moderate-salinity sites but not the high-salinity site. The bacterial community composition was altered, with an increase in Proteobacteria and Firmicutes with water and organic matter additions at the low-and moderate-salinity sites and a near dominance of Firmicutes at the high-salinity site. Principal coordinate analyses of all samples using a phylogenetically informed distance matrix (UniFrac) demonstrated discrete clustering among sites (analysis of similarity [ANOSIM], P < 0.05 and R > 0.40) and among most treatments within sites. The results from this experimental work suggest that microbial communities in this environment will undergo rapid change in response to the altered resources resulting from climate change impacts occurring in this region.

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“…Increasing salinity was found to be correlated with a reduced richness of plant and animal species (5,6) and of microbial community diversity in some cases (7,8). However, this pattern is not consistently observed for all microbial communities (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). A better understanding of the taxonomic composition and diversity of microbial communities in saline lakes and the mechanisms that govern the community structure is a long-standing goal and challenge for microbial community ecologists (15)(16)(17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prokaryotic Community Structure Driven by Salinity and Ionic Concentrations in Plateau Lakes of the Tibetan Plateau

Zhong

Liu

Miao

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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dThe prokaryotic community composition and diversity and the distribution patterns at various taxonomic levels across gradients of salinity and physiochemical properties in the surface waters of seven plateau lakes in the Qaidam Basin, Tibetan Plateau, were evaluated using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. These lakes included Lakes Keluke (salinity, <1 g/liter), Qing (salinity, 5.5 to 6.6 g/liter), Tuosu (salinity, 24 to 35 g/liter), Dasugan (salinity, 30 to 33 g/liter), Gahai (salinity, 92 to 96 g/liter), Xiaochaidan (salinity, 94 to 99 g/liter), and Gasikule (salinity, 317 to 344 g/liter). The communities were dominated by Bacteria in lakes with salinities of <100 g/liter and by Archaea in Lake Gasikule. The clades At12OctB3 and Salinibacter, previously reported only in hypersaline environments, were found in a hyposaline lake (salinity, 5.5 to 6.6 g/liter) at an abundance of ϳ1.0%, indicating their ecological plasticity. Salinity and the concentrations of the chemical ions whose concentrations covary with salinity (Mg 2؉ , K ؉ , Cl ؊ , Na ؉ , SO 4 2؊ , and Ca 2؉ ) were found to be the primary environmental factors that directly or indirectly determined the composition and diversity at the level of individual clades as well as entire prokaryotic communities. The distribution patterns of two phyla, five classes, five orders, five families, and three genera were well predicted by salinity. The variation of the prokaryotic community structure also significantly correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, the total nitrogen concentration, and the PO 4 3؊ concentration. Such correlations varied depending on the taxonomic level, demonstrating the importance of comprehensive correlation analyses at various taxonomic levels in evaluating the effects of environmental variable factors on prokaryotic community structures. Our findings clarify the distribution patterns of the prokaryotic community composition in plateau lakes at the levels of individual clades as well as whole communities along gradients of salinity and ionic concentrations.

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Do Patterns of Bacterial Diversity along Salinity Gradients Differ from Those Observed for Macroorganisms?

Cited by 110 publications

References 70 publications

From community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic Bacteroidetes generalists

From community approaches to single-cell genomics: the discovery of ubiquitous hyperhalophilic Bacteroidetes generalists

Soil Microbial Responses to Increased Moisture and Organic Resources along a Salinity Gradient in a Polar Desert

Prokaryotic Community Structure Driven by Salinity and Ionic Concentrations in Plateau Lakes of the Tibetan Plateau

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