Do marine algal polyphenols have antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic or anti-inflammatory effects in humans? A systematic review

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Marine algal polyphenols have potential to reduce the risk of these conditions, however, little is known about their impact in humans. This systematic review investigates the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of marine polyphenols in humans. Scopus, Medline, PsychInfo, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched in November 2016. Eligible studies included (1) human adults, (2) marine polyphenol intervention, (3) blood lipid, glucose, insulin or inflammatory marker outcomes, and (4) were a randomized-controlled trial. One postprandial cross-over trial and four parallel design trials were included involving 271 adults. Analysis across studies was performed using Cohen's d effect sizes. Supplementation with polyphenol-rich extracts had small-to-medium positive effects on fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol; however, there is inadequate evidence as yet to confirm if these are consistent effects. Further randomized-controlled trials should investigate polyphenols from Ecklonia cava and other macroalgal sources, to determine if there is a role for marine polyphenols in reducing the risk factors of chronic disease in humans. (PROSPERO registration number CRD42015016890).

Chemical characterization of sulfated polysaccharides from Gracilaria gracilis and Ulva lactuca and their radical scavenging, metal chelating, and cholinesterase inhibitory activities

“…[1] Algal-derived food products possess nutritional benefits and have been considered as an effective approach for the management and treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. [2,3] This is due to the presence of biologically active compounds in algae which include Phlorotannins, [4] polyunsaturated fatty acids, [5] carotenoids, [6] phenolic acids and flavonoids, [7] sterols, [1] and polysaccharides. [8] Polysaccharides are polymers of monosaccharide units that are linked with glycosidic bonds.…”

Taheebo Polyphenols Attenuate Free Fatty Acid-Induced Inflammation in Murine and Human Macrophage Cell Lines As Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

“…Recently, dietary polyphenols have become one of the most popular supplements worldwide and are believed to elicit anti-oxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties ( 28 ). According to Yoon and Baek, the molecular targets of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties might be concluded as follows: (i) inhibition through the arachidonic acid-dependent pathway (AADP), during which COX and/or lipoxygenase, where hydroperonxyeicosateraenoic acids are synthesized and then secreted, or phospholipase A 2 ; (ii) inhibition through arachidonic independent pathway (AAIP), during which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB), NSAID activated gene-1 , and/or nitric oxide synthase are activated ( 29 , 30 ).…”

Brown Seaweeds for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases

“…This wide class of compounds, characterized by the presence of multiple phenol units in their chemical structure, has been extensively studied for their possible clinical use in the management of many diseases, such as, for example, CVDs, diabetes, and hypertension [ 19 ]. In particular, brown seaweeds are a source of phlorotannins and bromophenols [ 90 ].…”