Do less or eat more: strategies to cope with costs of parental care in a pair-living monkey

Dolotovskaya, Sofya; Heymann, Eckhard W.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.03.012

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This is not surprising given the heavy deforestation around the park with little opportunity for family group dispersion. The titis, however, spent most of their time resting, which accords with activity budgets of other callicebine monkeys (Caselli & Setz, 2011;Bicca-Marques & Heymann, 2013;Kulp & Heymann, 2015;Van der Speld, Bello & Hebard, 2017;Dolotovskaya & Heymann, 2020). These cryptic and shy animals have been reported to thrive in disturbed and/or fragmented forests (Bicca-Marques & Heymann, 2013), despite the negative effects of road networks on animal and plant communities (Gill, Sutherland & Watkinson, 1996;Laurance, Goosem & Laurance, 2009;Hernani-Lineros, Garcia & Pacheco, 2020).…”

Section: Relevance To Primate Conservationmentioning

confidence: 57%

Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates

Lineros

Chimènes

Maille

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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Worldwide urban expansion and deforestation have caused a rapid decline of non-human primates in recent decades. Yet, little is known to what extent these animals can tolerate anthropogenic noise arising from roadway traffic and human presence in their habitat. We studied six family groups of titis residing at increasing distances from a busy highway, in a park promoting ecotourism near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. We mapped group movements, sampled the titis’ behavior, collected fecal samples from each study group and conducted experiments in which we used a mannequin simulating a human intrusion in their home range. We hypothesized that groups of titi monkeys exposed to higher levels of anthropogenic noise and human presence would react weakly to the mannequin and show higher concentrations of fecal cortisol compared with groups in least perturbed areas. Sound pressure measurements and systematic monitoring of soundscape inside the titis’ home ranges confirmed the presence of a noise gradient, best characterized by the root-mean-square (RMS) and median amplitude (M) acoustic indices; importantly, both anthropogenic noise and human presence co-varied. Study groups resided in small, overlapping home ranges and they spent most of their time resting and preferentially used the lower forest stratum for traveling and the higher levels for foraging. Focal sampling analysis revealed that the time spent moving by adult pairs was inversely correlated with noise, the behavioral change occurring within a gradient of minimum sound pressures ranging from 44 dB(A) to 52 dB(A). Validated enzyme-immunoassays of fecal samples however detected surprisingly low cortisol concentrations, unrelated to the changes observed in the RMS and M indices. Finally, titis’ response to the mannequin varied according to our expectation, with alarm calling being greater in distant groups relative to highway. Our study thus indicates reduced alarm calling through habituation to human presence and suggests a titis’ resilience to anthropogenic noise with little evidence of physiological stress.

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Section: Relevance To Primate Conservationmentioning

confidence: 57%

Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates

Lineros

Chimènes

Maille

et al. 2020

PeerJ

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show abstract

“…This is not surprising given the heavy deforestation around the park with little opportunity for family group dispersion. The titis, however, spent most of their time resting, which accords with activity budgets of other callicebine monkeys (Caselli & Setz, 2011;Bicca-Marques & Heymann, 2013;Kulp & Heymann, 2015;van der Speld, Bello & Hebard, 2017;Dolotovskaya & Heymann, 2020). These cryptic and shy animals have been reported to thrive in disturbed and/or fragmented forests (Bicca-Marques & Heymann, 2013), despite the negative effects of road networks on animal and plant communities (Gill, Sutherland & Watkinson, 1996;Laurance, Goosem & Laurance, 2009;Hernani-Lineros, Garcia & Pacheco, 2020).…”

Section: Relevance To Primate Conservationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Peer Review #2 of "Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates (v0.1)"

2020

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Worldwide urban expansion and deforestation have caused a rapid decline of non-human primates in recent decades. Yet, little is known to what extent these animals can tolerate anthropogenic noise arising from roadway traffic and human presence in their habitat. We studied six family groups of titis residing at increasing distances from a busy highway, in a park promoting ecotourism near Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. We mapped group movements, sampled the titis' behavior, collected fecal samples from each study group and conducted experiments in which we used a mannequin simulating a human intrusion in their home range. We hypothesized that groups of titi monkeys exposed to higher levels of anthropogenic noise and human presence would react weakly to the mannequin and show higher concentrations of fecal cortisol compared with groups in least perturbed areas. Sound pressure measurements and systematic monitoring of soundscape inside the titis' home ranges confirmed the presence of a noise gradient, best characterized by the root-mean-square (RMS) and median amplitude (M) acoustic indices; importantly, both anthropogenic noise and human presence co-varied. Study groups resided in small, overlapping home ranges and they spent most of their time resting and preferentially used the lower forest stratum for traveling and the higher levels for foraging. Focal sampling analysis revealed that the time spent moving by adult pairs was inversely correlated with noise, the behavioral change occurring within a gradient of minimum sound pressures ranging from 44 dB(A) to 52 dB(A). Validated enzyme-immunoassays of fecal samples however detected surprisingly low cortisol concentrations, unrelated to the changes observed in the RMS and M indices. Finally, titis' response to the mannequin varied according to our expectation, with alarm calling being greater in distant groups relative to

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“…Individuals may also shift their diets, or time spent foraging, to offset increased energetic demands associated with infant care (Vasey, 2004). There is evidence consistent with these explanations in some wild populations of primates (Guedes et al, 2008;Vasey, 2004), including species with biparental care, such as titi monkeys (Dolotovskaya & Heymann, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between fecal cortisol and biparental care in a pair‐living primate

Corley

Perea-Rodríguez

Valeggia

et al. 2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: We quantified variation in fecal cortisol across reproductive periods in Azara's owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) to examine physiological mechanisms that may facilitate biparental care. Specifically, we evaluated evidence for the explanation that owl monkeys have hormonal mechanisms to mobilize energy during periods when each sex is investing heavily in reproduction, that is, the gestation period for females and the infant care period for males.Materials and methods: Between 2011 and 2015, we monitored 10 groups of Azara's owl monkeys from a wild population in Formosa, Argentina and collected fecal samples from 26 adults (13 males, 13 females). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we quantified fecal cortisol as a proxy for evaluating stress responses, including energetic demands, on both sexes during periods of reproduction and parental care.Results: Male cortisol was lowest during periods when they were caring for young infants (<3 months) compared with periods with older infants or no infant. Female cortisol was elevated during gestation compared with other periods. Mean fecal cortisol in both males and females was lower when an infant was present compared with when females were gestating. Discussion: Our results do not support the hypothesis that owl monkey males have elevated fecal cortisol during periods when they need to mobilize energy to provide intensive infant care. Our findings are also inconsistent with the Maternal Relief hypothesis. However, results from studies measuring fecal cortisol must be interpreted with care and alternative explanations, such as seasonal fluctuations in diet and thermoenergic demands, should be considered when drawing conclusions.

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Do less or eat more: strategies to cope with costs of parental care in a pair-living monkey

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates

Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates

Peer Review #2 of "Response of Bolivian gray titi monkeys (Plecturocebus donacophilus) to an anthropogenic noise gradient: behavioral and hormonal correlates (v0.1)"

Associations between fecal cortisol and biparental care in a pair‐living primate

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