Do cortisol and corticosterone play the same role in coping with stressors? Measuring glucocorticoid serum in free‐ranging guanacos (<i>Lama guanicoe</i>)

Ovejero, Ramiro; Novillo, Agustina; Soto‐Gamboa, Mauricio; Mosca-Torres, Maria E.; Cuello, Pablo; Gregorio, Pablo Francisco; Jahn, Graciela A.; Carmanchahi, Pablo

doi:10.1002/jez.1833

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…The physiological stress response was demonstrated by an initial increase in both catecholamines and rectal temperature, which were greater after longer chases, followed by a prolonged increase in corticoids, which continued to increase during handling. Our results are broadly consistent with previous findings in Svalbard reindeer 14 and other ungulates, including free-ranging impala (Aepyceros melampus) 16 , guanacos (Lama guanacoe) 38 , and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) 39 , although the specific responses to being chased and restrained may vary between species. For instance, in guanacos, cortisol increased with handling time, but corticosterone did not 38 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our results are broadly consistent with previous findings in Svalbard reindeer 14 and other ungulates, including free-ranging impala (Aepyceros melampus) 16 , guanacos (Lama guanacoe) 38 , and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) 39 , although the specific responses to being chased and restrained may vary between species. For instance, in guanacos, cortisol increased with handling time, but corticosterone did not 38 . In contrast, both cortisol and corticosterone increased during handling in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Stress responses to repeated captures in a wild ungulate

Trondrud

Ugland

Ropstad

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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While capture-mark-recapture studies provide essential individual-level data in ecology, repeated captures and handling may impact animal welfare and cause scientific bias. Evaluating the consequences of invasive methodologies should be an integral part of any study involving capture of live animals. We investigated short- and long-term stress responses to repeated captures within a winter on the physiology, behaviour, and reproductive success of female Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). Short-term responses were evaluated using serum concentrations of glucocorticoids and catecholamines during handling, and post-release recovery times in heart rate and activity levels. Repeated captures were associated with an increase in measured catecholamines and glucocorticoids, except cortisone, and delayed recovery in heart rate but not activity. Four months later, in summer, individuals captured repeatedly in winter exhibited a small increase in behavioural response to human disturbance and had a lower probability of being observed with a calf, compared to animals not captured, or captured only once. Our findings imply that single annual capture events have no significant negative consequences for Svalbard reindeer, but repeated captures within a season may impact offspring survival in the same year. Such unanticipated side effects highlight the importance of addressing multiple indicators of animal responses to repeated captures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Stress responses to repeated captures in a wild ungulate

Trondrud

Ugland

Ropstad

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…However, whereas corticosterone is a more adaptation-related biomarker than cortisol during chronic stress, cortisol is a quicker responder than corticosterone during severe acute stress. In guanacos (Lama guanicoe), it has been shown that cortisol and corticosterone exhibit different patterns in the field and in response to acute stressors [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of the fact that corticosterone is the main glucocorticoid in plasma, prevalence of cortisol over corticosterone was revealed in some organs such as kidneys, spleen, heart and brain [ 19 ]. Furthermore, in wild species, both cortisol and corticosterone are formed in a species-specific extent and may vary in ratio according to the demands [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and Correlation of Serum Cortisol and Corticosterone under Different Physiological or Stressful Conditions in Mice

et al. 2015

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Although plasma corticosterone is considered the main glucocorticoid involved in regulation of stress responses in rodents, the presence of plasma cortisol and whether its level can be used as an indicator for rodent activation of stress remain to be determined. In this study, effects of estrous cycle stage, circadian rhythm, and acute and chronic (repeated or unpredictable) stressors of various severities on dynamics and correlation of serum cortisol and corticosterone were examined in mice. A strong (r = 0.6–0.85) correlation between serum cortisol and corticosterone was observed throughout the estrous cycle, all day long, and during acute or repeated restraints, chronic unpredictable stress and acute forced swimming or heat stress. Both hormones increased to the highest level on day 1 of repeated-restraint or unpredictable stresses, but after that, whereas the concentration of cortisol did not change, that of corticosterone showed different dynamics. Thus, whereas corticosterone declined dramatically during repeated restraints, it remained at the high level during unpredictable stress. During forced swimming or heat stress, whereas cortisol increased to the highest level within 3 min., corticosterone did not reach maximum until 40 min. of stress. Analysis with HPLC and HPLC-MS further confirmed the presence of cortisol in mouse serum. Taken together, results (i) confirmed the presence of cortisol in mouse serum and (ii) suggested that mouse serum cortisol and corticosterone are closely correlated in dynamics under different physiological or stressful conditions, but, whereas corticosterone was a more adaptation-related biomarker than cortisol during chronic stress, cortisol was a quicker responder than corticosterone during severe acute stress.

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“…For example, a switch from corticosterone dominance to cortisol dominance in response to chronic stress has been observed in rabbits (Kass et al ., 1954), serum GCs exhibited different patterns in response to acute stressors in llamas ( Lama guanicoe ; Ovejero et al ., 2013), and in rodents ( Ctenomys talarum ) the plasma cortisol increased after an ACTH challenge but corticosterone did not, even though corticosterone levels were higher than cortisol levels (Vera et al ., 2012). Furthermore, rodents also had significant inter-annual variation in the levels of corticosterone, which resulted in a pronounced change in the cortisol: corticosterone ratio in plasma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%