Do bocado ao pastoreio de precisão: compreendendo a interface plantaanimal para explorar a multi-funcionalidade das pastagens

Carvalho, Paulo César de Faccio; Trindade, Júlio Kuhn da; Mezzalira, J. C.; Poli, César Henrique Espírito Candal; Nabinger, Carlos; Genro, T. C. M.; Gonda, Horacio Leandro

doi:10.1590/s1516-35982009001300013

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Assim, cerca de 30% da BCV está contida no HP do capim-aruana manejado com 95% da Irfa (Zanini et al, 2012). A presença de colmos, bainha e material morto no HP limita a profundidade do bocado, e é frequente observar-se aumento do tempo por bocado, redução da taxa de bocados e aumento do tempo diário de pastejo (Carvalho et al, 2009;Difante et al, 2009 , 2012). Contudo, a redução da amplitude do horizonte de pastejo limita a participação de BCV e maximiza a LF/C, proporcionando melhores condições para a apreensão de forragem pelo animal em pastejo (Difante et al, 2009).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Componentes da biomassa e características estruturais em capim-aruana sob diferentes frequências e intensidades de desfolhação

Silva

Cândido

Pessoa

et al. 2015

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de frequências e intensidades de desfolhação sobre os componentes da biomassa e a estrutura do dossel em capim-aruana (Panicum maximum 'Aruana IZ-5'), pastejado sob lotação rotativa com ovinos. Avaliaram-se duas frequências de desfolhação (FD), com níveis de interceptação de 85 e 95% da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (Irfa) incidente no topo do dossel, e duas intensidades de desfolhação (ID), com índices de área foliar residual (IAFr) de 1,0 e 1,8. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2x2. Os componentes da biomassa e as características estruturais nas condições de pré-pastejo foram afetados principalmente pela FD, com a redução da biomassa de colmos verdes e de forragem morta, e, ainda, pela elevação da altura da primeira lígula viva. Pastos manejados com menor FD proporcionaram menor relação lâmina foliar/colmo, com média de 1,65, e os pastos com maior FD apresentaram média de lâmina foliar/colmo de 2,40. Os componentes da biomassa residual foram afetados pela ID, com maior biomassa de forragem verde residual em pastos manejados com IAFr de 1,8. Os pastos manejados com 95% de Irfa e IAFr de 1,8 apresentaram biomassa de colmo verde residual e biomassa de forragem morta residual superiores aos dos demais manejos. Para pastejo por ovinos, o capim-aruana deve ser manejado com frequência de 85% de Irfa e intensidade de desfolhação correspondente a IAFr de 1,0.Termos para indexação: Panicum maximum, altura do dossel, índice de área foliar residual, intercepção da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa. Biomass components and structural features in Guinea grass under different frequencies and intensities of defoliationAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of frequencies and intensities of defoliation on the biomass components and on the canopy structure of Guinea grass (Panicum maximum 'Aruana IZ-5') pasture under intermittent sheep stocking. Two defoliation frequencies (DF), with 85 and 95% interception levels of the photosynthetically active radiation (Ipar) incident on the top of the canopy, and two defoliation intensities (DI), with residual leaf area index (LAIr) of 1.0 and 1.8 were evaluated. A completely randomized design was carried out, in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Biomass components and the structural features in the pre-grazing conditions were affected mainly by DF, with the reduction of green biomass of culms and of dead forage, and were also affected by the increase in the height of the first alive ligule. Pastures managed with lower DF provided lower leaf blade/culm ratio, with 1.65 average, while pastures managed with greater DF showed 2.40 mean leaf blade/culm ratio. Components of the residual biomass were affected by the DI, with a greater residual green forage biomass in pastures managed with LAIr of 1.8. Swards grazed at 95% Ipar and 1.8 LAIr showed residual green biomass of culms and residual dead forage biomass superior to those of the other managements. For grazing by sheep, '...

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Componentes da biomassa e características estruturais em capim-aruana sob diferentes frequências e intensidades de desfolhação

Silva

Cândido

Pessoa

et al. 2015

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…The size of bites diminished, whereas the number and time of grazing tended to increase on conditions of forage restriction as a way to compensate the low forage availability (Carvalho et al, 2009). Therefore, with 80 lambs/ha, higher time of grazing due to low rates of intake was observed, which was limited by structural characteristics of the sward and a stressful environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on systems based on pasture, there are factors related and conditioned to grazing process which interfere on energy losses due to search for food, diet selection, time grazing and, consequently, forage intake (Carvalho et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that sheep on pastures prefer to select nutritive parts of plant such as green leaf, it means that maintenance of adequate supply of this component allows high performance of the animals (Carvalho et al (2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While care with the maintenance of a high proportion of this morphological component in pastures, it is expected that the efficient grazing reduces losses due to the senescence (characteristic of pasture under continuous stocking grazing), a fact commonly observed in pasture of continuous stocking in the rainy season, allowing not only elevated animal production, but also per unit of area (Carvalho et al, 2009;Da Silva & Nascimento Júnior, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs grazing on Marandu palisadegrass under different stocking rates

et al. 2011

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-The ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs grazing on Marandu pasture submitted to different stocking rates during the rainy and transition season were evaluated. The experimental area with 4,500 m 2 was divided into 45 paddocks of 100 m 2 . Twenty-seven Santa Ines female lambs (purebred) with 4 months age and 22 kg of initial body weight were distributed in a completely randomized design, with nine replicates. Lambs were divided into 9 groups with the same initial weight and submitted to three stocking rates: 2, 3 and 4 lambs/paddock, which corresponded to 40, 60 and 80 lambs/ha, respectively. Each group of animals had a module of five paddocks, managed on intermittent grazing system, with 7 days of occupation and 28 d of rest. Increase on time grazing and reduction on time ruminating and resting were observed as stocking rates increased. There was 14% raise in time grazing and 41% decline on time resting by lambs subjected to the highest stocking rate compared with those in the lower stocking rate. The number of animals/ha promoted linear effect on average daily gain, which was higher for animals in the lowest stocking rate of 90 g/d. For gain per area, the best result was obtained with 60 animals/ha featuring an average value of 426 kg/ha.

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Tall fescue sward structure affects the grazing process of sheep

Szymczak

Moraes

Sulc

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The study of factors influencing animal intake can provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the pasture ecosystem and serve as a basis for managing livestock in a more efficient way. We measured different sward surface heights of tall fescue in the process of short-term intake rate of sheep. There was a significant effect of sward surface height on herbage mass ( P < 0.001), leaf lamina mass ( P < 0.001), other species mass ( P = 0.02), bite mass ( P = 0.01) and short-term intake rate ( P = 0.03) of sheep. There was a quadratic fit between time per bite and bite mass ( P = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that the short-term intake rate and bite mass were positively correlated (r = 0.97), bite rate and total jaw movement rate were positively correlated but both were negatively correlated with time per bite. The sward surface height of tall fescue corresponding to the maximum short-term herbage intake rate was 22.3 cm. The underlying processes were driven by the bite mass, which was influenced by the leaf lamina bulk density and its consequences upon time per bite. This sward surface height can be adopted as a pre-grazing target for rotational stocking systems to optimize sheep nutrition on pastures.

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Do bocado ao pastoreio de precisão: compreendendo a interface plantaanimal para explorar a multi-funcionalidade das pastagens

Cited by 31 publications

References 22 publications

Componentes da biomassa e características estruturais em capim-aruana sob diferentes frequências e intensidades de desfolhação

Componentes da biomassa e características estruturais em capim-aruana sob diferentes frequências e intensidades de desfolhação

Ingestive behavior and performance of female lambs grazing on Marandu palisadegrass under different stocking rates

Tall fescue sward structure affects the grazing process of sheep

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