DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria

Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus Species of Animal Origin

“…However, a costeffective and user-friendly format for application in antimicrobial susceptibility testing remains to be developed (Sundsfjord et al, 2004). There are many examples of the use of DNA microarray for detection of antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococcal (Cui et al, 2005;Frye et al, 2006;Garneau et al, 2010;Monecke et al, 2007;Zhu et al, 2007a). Recently, a team of scientists at the University of Dublin, the Irish National MRSA Reference Laboratory and the University of Dresden and Alere Technologies in Germany identified a new MRSA strain using high throughput DNA microarray screening.…”

Genetic Engineering Workshop Report, 2010

“…One approach, which has been undertaken, is to focus on the efficient detection of genetic differences in the microbial sample that are predicted to be of greatest interest for medical diagnostics and countermeasures. In particular, extensive testing of microarrays has been undertaken to detect genetic elements associated with virulence factors and antibiotic resistance (Jaing et al, 2008, Frye et al, 2006. For example, if a normally benign strain of Bacillus subtilus displays an unexpected phenotype, the query microbial sample could be interrogated with a microarray or sequenced to determine whether genes associated with virulence or antibiotic resistance are detected even when previously sequenced strains lack these genetic elements, and as a consequence these findings could infer a genetic engineering event.…”

Examination of animal and zoonotic pathogens using microarrays

“…Many different mechanisms are responsible for antimicrobial resistance but the two major genetic events responsible for it are the following: the mutation of the wild type gene to resistant alleles and the acquisition of laterally transferred genes either within the chromosome or plasmid [42]. The resistance to antibiotics leads to treatment failures and currently is a major challenge to the medical, veterinary, and pharmaceutical community.…”

“…In many countries, government programs for the surveillance of resistance clones in medicine and agriculture are implemented. Identification methods are limited to PCR and Southern blotting, which are time consuming and can detect few genes at a time [42]. A microarray suitable for detecting multiple tetracycline (tet) resistance genes was developed [20].…”

“…Similarly, specific antibiotic gene arrays were generated to detect resistance genes in Gram positive bacteria [80] and Salmonella serovars [99]. Recently, Frye et al [42] developed an oligonucleotide array for high throughput genotyping of antibiotic resistance genes. This ninety-four resistant gene array could assay diverse bacteria, both Gram positive and negative.…”