Diversity and spoilage potential of microbial communities associated with grape sour rot in eastern coastal areas of China

Abstract

As a polymicrobial disease, sour rot decreases grape berry yield and wine quality. The diversity of microbial communities in sour rot-affected grapes depends on the cultivation site, but the microbes responsible for this disease in eastern coastal China, has not been reported. To identify the microbes that cause sour grape rot in this important grape-producing region, the diversity and abundance of bacteria and fungi were assessed by metagenomic analysis and cultivation-dependent techniques. A total of 15 bacteria and 10 fungi were isolated from sour rot-affected grapes. High-throughput sequencing of PCR-amplicons generated from diseased grapes revealed 1343 OTUs of bacteria and 1038 OTUs of fungi. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were dominant phyla among the 19 bacterial phyla identified. Ascomycota was the dominant fungal phylum and the fungi Issatchenkia terricola, Colletotrichum viniferum, Hanseniaspora vineae, Saprochaete gigas, and Candida diversa represented the vast majority ofmicrobial species associated with sour rot-affected grapes. An in vitro spoilage assay confirmed that four of the isolated bacteria strains (two Cronobacter species, Serratia marcescens and Lysinibacillus fusiformis) and five of the isolated fungi strains (three Aspergillus species, Alternaria tenuissima, and Fusarium proliferatum) spoiled grapes. These microorganisms, which appear responsible for spoiling grapes in eastern China, appear closely related to microbes that cause this plant disease around the world.

Bacterial Communities Related to Aroma Formation during Spontaneous Fermentation of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ Wine in Ningxia, China

“…For example, we used PCR primers 338F/806R to amplify the 16S rRNA V3–V4 regions of bacteria and an Illumina MiSeq PE300 platform for sequencing. Similar results were obtained by amplifying the 16S rRNA V4 region using primers 515F/806R and sequencing on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform [ 27 ], or through amplifying the V6 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA and sequencing on a 454 Titanium platform [ 8 ]. In this study, Pantoea was found to have a significant positive correlation with a few categories of VOCs during fermentation, such as higher alcohols (straight-chain fatty alcohols in YC and QTX, and branched-chain fatty alcohols in YQY), esters (acetic esters, methyl esters, isobutyl esters and isoamyl esters in YQY, and acetic esters in QTX), and fatty acids in QTX.…”

“…Regarding the most abundant bacteria, microorganisms from the genus Pantoea were detected in all the sub-regions, enriched in QTX samples, and rapidly dominated the population after fermentation initiation ( Figure 5 a). Studies have shown that Pantoea is also a key feature in other wine regions, such as Penglai, Yangling, Shanshan, Yanqi, Heshuo, Huoerguosi, Fukang, and Manasi in China [ 25 , 27 ]; Minho, Douro, Dão, Bairrada, Estremadura, and Alentejo in Portuguese [ 8 ]; Modra in Slovakia [ 47 ]; Central Pennsylvania in the United States [ 48 ]; moreover, the Ullum Valley of San Juan Province in Argentina [ 49 ]. The predominant presence of this group is independent of the identification methods.…”

“…The EFHM in Ningxia is one of China’s Wine Geographical Indication Product Protection Areas, as it houses a plethora of microbial resources. In recent years, some studies have analyzed the fungal diversity in the wine fermentation broth, berry surface, and rhizosphere soil [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ] and the bacterial community in fruit surface and vineyard soil [ 25 , 29 , 30 ] in EFHM; however, research on the dominant bacteria in the fermentation process is sparse. Consequently, the objectives of this study were (1) to investigate bacterial community succession during spontaneous fermentation of a widespread cultivar ( Vitis vinifera L. cv.…”

Peppermint Essential Oil Suppresses Geotrichum citri-aurantii Growth by Destructing the Cell Structure, Internal Homeostasis, and Cell Cycle

“…vinifera which is discussed in this paper. The diversity and abundance of sour rot pathogenic fungus have been analyzed through metagenome analysis and cultivation related techniques . It was found that 3 polygalacturonase genes related to pathogenesis and 814 genes encoding guazatine resistance-related genes were obtained by genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of G.…”

“…The diversity and abundance of sour rot pathogenic fungus have been analyzed through metagenome analysis and cultivation related techniques. 42 It was found that 3 polygalacturonase genes related to pathogenesis and 814 genes encoding guazatine resistance-related genes were obtained by genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis of G. citri-aurantii from citrus. 43 In this study, the grape sour rot fungus was identified to be similar to Geotrichum candidum, with 85.97% inter-sequence similarity, which was similar to a previous report.…”