Diversity and distribution of winter phytoplankton in the Arabian Gulf and the Sea of Oman

Global Chlorophyll Concentration Distribution and Effects on Bottom Reflectance of Coral Reefs

“…In the Red Sea, Chl-a concentration presented by [40] for research cruises in 2008, 2010 and 2011 [41][42][43][44] (ranging between 0.05 and 0.12 mg•m −3 ) closely mirror our computation of 0.17 ± 0.06 mg•m −3 . Furthermore, our mChl-a estimation for the Persian Gulf (2.329 ± 1.456 mg•m −3 ) aligns with in situ measurements by [45] (2.17 ± 1.71 mg•m −3 ) and [46] (2.54 ± 2.16 mg•m −3 ). In New Caledonia, our calculated mChl-a (0.123 ± 0.409 mg•m −3 ) closely matches the in situ measurements reported by [47,48] (0.25 ± 0.01 mg•m −3 ).…”

Global Chlorophyll Concentration Distribution and Effects on Bottom Reflectance of Coral Reefs

“…In the Red Sea, Chl-a concentration presented by [40] for research cruises in 2008, 2010 and 2011 [41][42][43][44] (ranging between 0.05 and 0.12 mg•m −3 ) closely mirror our computation of 0.17 ± 0.06 mg•m −3 . Furthermore, our mChl-a estimation for the Persian Gulf (2.329 ± 1.456 mg•m −3 ) aligns with in situ measurements by [45] (2.17 ± 1.71 mg•m −3 ) and [46] (2.54 ± 2.16 mg•m −3 ). In New Caledonia, our calculated mChl-a (0.123 ± 0.409 mg•m −3 ) closely matches the in situ measurements reported by [47,48] (0.25 ± 0.01 mg•m −3 ).…”

Distribution and abundance of dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Karachi, Pakistan, northern part of the Arabian Sea

“…Only six genera (Tripos, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, Diniphysis and Gonyaulax) that represent high species numbers (seven or more) are recorded in this study. Similar data has been obtained from the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman (Polikarpov et al, 2016) where all these genera had higher diversity except for Alexandrium. Tripos (38 spp.)…”

“…The current study reports 179 taxa, 154 species in 41 genera of dinoflagellates as oppose to worldwide distribution of 2377 species (259 genera) (Gómez, 2012). Similar dinoflagellate species have been reported from other regional waters, for example, India (179 spp; Padmakumar et al, 2012), Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman (194 spp) (Polikarpov et al, 2016), Kuwait waters in the Persian Gulf (105 spp) (Al-Kandari et al, 2009). Only six genera (Tripos, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, Diniphysis and Gonyaulax) that represent high species numbers (seven or more) are recorded in this study.…”

“…On the other hand, species of genus Alexandrium reported here are toxic and have cosmopolitan distribution (Taylor et al, 2003). This and other HAB species of dinoflagellates have previously been reported from Pakistan waters (Khokhar et al, 2018;Munir et al, 2016), Indian waters (Baliarsingh et al, 2015;Shahi et al, 2015;Padmakumar et al, 2012), Thailand (Karunasagar et al, 1990), Sea of Oman (Al Hashmi et al, 2012;Polikarpov et al, 2016), Kuwait waters (Al-Kandari et al, 2009), Mediterranean Sea (Honsell et al, 1992;Giacobbe et al, 1996;Vila et al, 2001;Lilly et al, 2002;Turki and Balti, 2005) and Australia (Hallegraeff, 2010, Murray et al, 2012Ajani et al, 2013). In general dinoflagellate toxin causes paralytic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning and other potential hepato and neuro toxins (Anderson et al, 2012;Llewellyn et al, 2006;Wiese et al, 2010).…”

Seasonal Patterns in Phytoplankton and Zooplankton across the North of Gulf of Oman: A Numerical Study

“…In the western part of the Oman Sea and on the left side of this main cycle, two small anticyclones are formed in the continental plateau region. The model captures seasonal variability of anticyclonic circulation in the Oman sea shows good agreement with results and observation reported [52]. In winter, the temperature of the water column is relatively homogeneous, which indicates the presence of mixing in the water column.…”

Global Chlorophyll Concentration Distribution and Effects on Bottom Reflectance of Coral Reefs

“…In the Red Sea, Chl-a concentration presented by [40] for research cruises in 2008, 2010 and 2011 [41][42][43][44] (ranging between 0.05 and 0.12 mg•m −3 ) closely mirror our computation of 0.17 ± 0.06 mg•m −3 . Furthermore, our mChl-a estimation for the Persian Gulf (2.329 ± 1.456 mg•m −3 ) aligns with in situ measurements by [45] (2.17 ± 1.71 mg•m −3 ) and [46] (2.54 ± 2.16 mg•m −3 ). In New Caledonia, our calculated mChl-a (0.123 ± 0.409 mg•m −3 ) closely matches the in situ measurements reported by [47,48] (0.25 ± 0.01 mg•m −3 ).…”

Distribution and abundance of dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Karachi, Pakistan, northern part of the Arabian Sea

“…Only six genera (Tripos, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, Diniphysis and Gonyaulax) that represent high species numbers (seven or more) are recorded in this study. Similar data has been obtained from the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman (Polikarpov et al, 2016) where all these genera had higher diversity except for Alexandrium. Tripos (38 spp.)…”

“…The current study reports 179 taxa, 154 species in 41 genera of dinoflagellates as oppose to worldwide distribution of 2377 species (259 genera) (Gómez, 2012). Similar dinoflagellate species have been reported from other regional waters, for example, India (179 spp; Padmakumar et al, 2012), Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman (194 spp) (Polikarpov et al, 2016), Kuwait waters in the Persian Gulf (105 spp) (Al-Kandari et al, 2009). Only six genera (Tripos, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, Diniphysis and Gonyaulax) that represent high species numbers (seven or more) are recorded in this study.…”

“…On the other hand, species of genus Alexandrium reported here are toxic and have cosmopolitan distribution (Taylor et al, 2003). This and other HAB species of dinoflagellates have previously been reported from Pakistan waters (Khokhar et al, 2018;Munir et al, 2016), Indian waters (Baliarsingh et al, 2015;Shahi et al, 2015;Padmakumar et al, 2012), Thailand (Karunasagar et al, 1990), Sea of Oman (Al Hashmi et al, 2012;Polikarpov et al, 2016), Kuwait waters (Al-Kandari et al, 2009), Mediterranean Sea (Honsell et al, 1992;Giacobbe et al, 1996;Vila et al, 2001;Lilly et al, 2002;Turki and Balti, 2005) and Australia (Hallegraeff, 2010, Murray et al, 2012Ajani et al, 2013). In general dinoflagellate toxin causes paralytic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning and other potential hepato and neuro toxins (Anderson et al, 2012;Llewellyn et al, 2006;Wiese et al, 2010).…”

Seasonal Patterns in Phytoplankton and Zooplankton across the North of Gulf of Oman: A Numerical Study

“…In the western part of the Oman Sea and on the left side of this main cycle, two small anticyclones are formed in the continental plateau region. The model captures seasonal variability of anticyclonic circulation in the Oman sea shows good agreement with results and observation reported [52]. In winter, the temperature of the water column is relatively homogeneous, which indicates the presence of mixing in the water column.…”

Global Chlorophyll Concentration Distribution and Effects on Bottom Reflectance of Coral Reefs

“…In the Red Sea, Chl-a concentration presented by [40] for research cruises in 2008, 2010 and 2011 [41][42][43][44] (ranging between 0.05 and 0.12 mg•m −3 ) closely mirror our computation of 0.17 ± 0.06 mg•m −3 . Furthermore, our mChl-a estimation for the Persian Gulf (2.329 ± 1.456 mg•m −3 ) aligns with in situ measurements by [45] (2.17 ± 1.71 mg•m −3 ) and [46] (2.54 ± 2.16 mg•m −3 ). In New Caledonia, our calculated mChl-a (0.123 ± 0.409 mg•m −3 ) closely matches the in situ measurements reported by [47,48] (0.25 ± 0.01 mg•m −3 ).…”

Distribution and abundance of dinoflagellates from the coastal waters of Karachi, Pakistan, northern part of the Arabian Sea

“…Only six genera (Tripos, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, Diniphysis and Gonyaulax) that represent high species numbers (seven or more) are recorded in this study. Similar data has been obtained from the Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman (Polikarpov et al, 2016) where all these genera had higher diversity except for Alexandrium. Tripos (38 spp.)…”

“…The current study reports 179 taxa, 154 species in 41 genera of dinoflagellates as oppose to worldwide distribution of 2377 species (259 genera) (Gómez, 2012). Similar dinoflagellate species have been reported from other regional waters, for example, India (179 spp; Padmakumar et al, 2012), Arabian Gulf and Sea of Oman (194 spp) (Polikarpov et al, 2016), Kuwait waters in the Persian Gulf (105 spp) (Al-Kandari et al, 2009). Only six genera (Tripos, Protoperidinium, Prorocentrum, Alexandrium, Diniphysis and Gonyaulax) that represent high species numbers (seven or more) are recorded in this study.…”

“…On the other hand, species of genus Alexandrium reported here are toxic and have cosmopolitan distribution (Taylor et al, 2003). This and other HAB species of dinoflagellates have previously been reported from Pakistan waters (Khokhar et al, 2018;Munir et al, 2016), Indian waters (Baliarsingh et al, 2015;Shahi et al, 2015;Padmakumar et al, 2012), Thailand (Karunasagar et al, 1990), Sea of Oman (Al Hashmi et al, 2012;Polikarpov et al, 2016), Kuwait waters (Al-Kandari et al, 2009), Mediterranean Sea (Honsell et al, 1992;Giacobbe et al, 1996;Vila et al, 2001;Lilly et al, 2002;Turki and Balti, 2005) and Australia (Hallegraeff, 2010, Murray et al, 2012Ajani et al, 2013). In general dinoflagellate toxin causes paralytic shellfish poisoning and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning and other potential hepato and neuro toxins (Anderson et al, 2012;Llewellyn et al, 2006;Wiese et al, 2010).…”

Seasonal Patterns in Phytoplankton and Zooplankton across the North of Gulf of Oman: A Numerical Study

“…In the western part of the Oman Sea and on the left side of this main cycle, two small anticyclones are formed in the continental plateau region. The model captures seasonal variability of anticyclonic circulation in the Oman sea shows good agreement with results and observation reported [52]. In winter, the temperature of the water column is relatively homogeneous, which indicates the presence of mixing in the water column.…”