Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex (SBSEC) Isolated from Korean Domestic Ruminants

Park, Seon Young; Lee, Mingyung; Lim, Sungsu; Kwon, Hyemin; Lee, Ye-Seul; Kim, Ji Hyung; Seo, Seongwon

doi:10.3390/microorganisms9010098

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Studies on animal feces have reported changes in antimicrobial resistance. A Korean study on ruminant animals specifically studied SBSEC bacteria and their antibiotic sensitivities, showing intermediary susceptibility to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin [ 14 ]. Variable resistance rates have been reported for clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis of a Rare Etiology of Streptococcus Alactolyticus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Gherlan,

Chicos,

Veja

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Streptococcus alactolyticus is a non-motile Gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci, a part of group D Streptococci . In the literature, S. alactolyticus is documented as a causative agent of infective endocarditis, demonstrated by blood cultures in only four other cases, representing an extremely rare circumstance. Here, we describe a case of infective endocarditis due to S. alactolyticus in a young patient known with a bicuspid aortic valve and associated with a sigmoid precancerous polyp. The patient was also known to have blood hypertension and type II diabetes. Symptoms at the debut appeared insidiously and were non-specific: fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, night sweats, and fever. They lasted for the entire period of the illness with transient improvement during the courses of antibiotics. He followed more antibiotic courses prescribed for various clinical diagnoses. Each round of antibiotic treatment transitorily alleviated the symptoms, which reappeared each time after the cessation. The correct diagnosis was made only about three months after the appearance of the first clinical manifestations. This was based on ultrasound criteria (presence of vegetation and lesions of aortic cusps) and microbiological criteria (isolation of S. alactolyticus in blood cultures). A course of six weeks of ceftriaxone was considered the opportune antibiotic therapy. Similar to all other cases described in the literature, our patient presented important damage to the valvular tissue and required cardiac surgery to re-establish the normal function of the valve. The surgery consisted of the excision of the severely affected natural aortic valve and her replacement with a mechanical prosthetic valve. Following medical and surgical treatment, the patient is completely healed and has a normal life. Our case is noteworthy because of the scarcity of the involvement of S. alactolyticus in the pathogeny of infective endocarditis. This is the fifth published case with this etiology, and an overview of all five cases is provided in the article.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infective Endocarditis of a Rare Etiology of Streptococcus Alactolyticus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Gherlan,

Chicos,

Veja

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…This is the first study to report the biological and genetic properties of both lytic phages infecting representative SBSEC, thereby leading to the potential control of ruminal microbiota (Table 2 ). The isolated phages have largely infected the SBSEC of both type strains and wild isolates from the rumen 21 . Interestingly, the isolated phages showed broad lytic activity against other lactic acid-producing bacteria, such as Lactobacillus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lactis KCCM 41572 T were used in this study, as listed in Table 1 . Among the 59 SBSEC strains used in this study, 51 were previously identified as SBSEC members based on sodA gene sequence analysis and their potential genetic diversity has been determined 21 . All the strains were cultured in tryptic soy agar (TSA; Difco, USA) at 37 °C for 24 h and stored in tryptic soy broth (TSB; Difco, USA) with 10% glycerol at -80 °C until use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of two lytic bacteriophages, infecting Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBSEC) from Korean ruminant

Park

Kwon

Kim

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBSEC) is one of the most important lactic acid-producing rumen bacteria causing subacute ruminal acidosis. Despite the significance of the ruminal bacteria, lytic bacteriophages (phages) capable of infecting SBSEC in the rumen have been rarely characterized. Hence, we describe the biological and genomic characteristics of two lytic phages (designated as vB_SbRt-pBovineB21 and vB_SbRt-pBovineS21) infecting various SBSEC species, including the newly reported S. ruminicola. The isolated SBSEC phages were morphologically similar to Podoviridae and could infect other genera of lactic acid-producing bacteria, including Lactococcus and Lactobacillus. Additionally, they showed high thermal- and pH-stability, and those characteristics induce strong adaptation to the ruminal environment, such as the low pH found in subacute ruminal acidosis. Genome-based phylogeny revealed that both phages were related to Streptococcus phage C1 in the Fischettivirus. However, they had a lower nucleotide similarity and distinct genomic arrangements than phage C1. The phage bacteriolytic activity was evaluated using S. ruminicola, and the phages efficiently inhibited planktonic bacterial growth. Moreover, both phages could prevent bacterial biofilms of various SBSEC strains and other lactic acid-producing bacteria in vitro. Thus, the newly isolated two SBSEC phages were classified as new Fischettivirus members and could be considered as potential biocontrol agents against ruminal SBSEC bacteria and their biofilms.

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“…Previously, several studies observed that supplementation with ionophore antibiotics could decrease the ruminal bacteria (especially gram-positive bacteria) in a high concentrate diet, thereby preventing a severe decrease of ruminal pH [ 38 – 40 ]. However, the potential for antibiotic resistance in ruminal bacteria has made it impossible to use ionophore antibiotics as a feed additive to modulate rumen fermentation [ 41 , 42 ]. The present study is the first trial presenting a new strategy to control S. bovis specifically using endolysin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific inhibition of Streptococcus bovis by endolysin LyJH307 supplementation shifts the rumen microbiota and metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism

Kim

Park

Kwon³

et al. 2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Endolysins, the bacteriophage-originated peptidoglycan hydrolases, are a promising replacement for antibiotics due to immediate lytic activity and no antibiotic resistance. The objectives of this study were to investigate the lytic activity of endolysin LyJH307 against S. bovis and to explore changes in rumen fermentation and microbiota in an in vitro system. Two treatments were used: 1) control, corn grain without LyJH307; and 2) LyJH307, corn grain with LyJH307 (4 U/mL). An in vitro fermentation experiment was performed using mixture of rumen fluid collected from two cannulated Holstein steers (450 ± 30 kg) and artificial saliva buffer mixed as 1:3 ratio for 12 h incubation time. In vitro dry matter digestibility, pH, volatile fatty acids, and lactate concentration were estimated at 12 h, and the gas production was measured at 6, 9, and 12 h. The rumen bacterial community was analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results LyJH307 supplementation at 6 h incubation markedly decreased the absolute abundance of S. bovis (approximately 70% compared to control, P = 0.0289) and increased ruminal pH (P = 0.0335) at the 12 h incubation. The acetate proportion (P = 0.0362) was significantly increased after LyJH307 addition, whereas propionate (P = 0.0379) was decreased. LyJH307 supplementation increased D-lactate (P = 0.0340) without any change in L-lactate concentration (P > 0.10). There were no significant differences in Shannon’s index, Simpson’s index, Chao1 estimates, and evenness (P > 0.10). Based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices, the LyJH307 affected the overall shift in microbiota (P = 0.097). LyJH307 supplementation induced an increase of 11 genera containing Lachnoclostridium, WCHB1–41, unclassified genus Selenomonadaceae, Paraprevotella, vadinBE97, Ruminococcus gauvreauii group, Lactobacillus, Anaerorhabdus furcosa group, Victivallaceae, Desulfuromonadaceae, and Sediminispirochaeta. The predicted functional features represented by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were changed by LyJH307 toward a decrease of carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusions LyJH307 caused a reduction of S. bovis and an increase of pH with shifts in minor microbiota and its metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism. This study provides the first insight into the availability of endolysin as a specific modulator for rumen and shows the possibility of endolysin degradation by rumen microbiota.

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Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance in the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex (SBSEC) Isolated from Korean Domestic Ruminants

Cited by 9 publications

References 71 publications

Infective Endocarditis of a Rare Etiology of Streptococcus Alactolyticus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Infective Endocarditis of a Rare Etiology of Streptococcus Alactolyticus: A Case Report and Literature Review

Characterization of two lytic bacteriophages, infecting Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBSEC) from Korean ruminant

Specific inhibition of Streptococcus bovis by endolysin LyJH307 supplementation shifts the rumen microbiota and metabolic pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism

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