Diversification patterns in cosmopolitan earthworms: similar mode but different tempo

Fernández, Rosa; Novo, Marta; Marchán, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.07.017

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Introduction from distant or locally adapted populations can increase genetic diversity, allowing populations to mitigate founder-effects and increase the potential of adaptation to local environmental conditions (Lawson Handley et al 2011). Genetic studies of non-native earthworms in northern North America clearly link them to their European or Asian sources (Gailing et al 2012, Fernandez et al 2016, Schult et al 2016) and demonstrate that genetic diversity of populations is generally high (Gailing et al 2012, Porco et al 2013, Schult et al 2016, Keller et al 2020), particularly in areas used by humans (Cameron et al 2008, Klein et al 2017). This indicates multiple introductions but leaves open the question whether these populations are permanent or the result of continuous re-introductions by human transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and genetic variance among local populations of an non-native earthworm species in Minnesota, USA

Heimburger

Klein

Roth

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A variety of human activities have been identified as driving factors for the release and spread of invasive earthworm species in North America. Population genetic markers can help to identify locally relevant anthropogenic vectors and provide insights into the processes of population dispersal and establishment. We sampled the invasive European earthworm species Lumbricus terrestris at nine sites and several bait shops within the metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul in Minnesota, USA. We used microsatellite markers to infer genetic diversity and population structure, and 16S rDNA to address multiple introduction events, including bait dumping, which is a common source of L. terrestris introductions into the wild. Our results indicate multiple introductions but not from current bait dumping. Overall, genetic structure was low and earthworms > 5000 m apart were genetically differentiated, except for one sampling location, indicating jump-dispersal followed by population establishment. Further, earthworms at one location north of Minneapolis established from one or few founder individuals, suggesting that earthworm invasions are ongoing. We therefore encourage further monitoring of earthworm populations using molecular markers, in order to disentangle the different human-related vectors contributing to the spread of earthworms and their establishment, which is essential to develop adequate management strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and genetic variance among local populations of an non-native earthworm species in Minnesota, USA

Heimburger

Klein

Roth

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…single vs multiple introductions) of peregrine species (Sakai et al 2001). For instance, molecular markers have proved to be powerful tools for inferring the evolutionary history of A. trapezoides (Fernandez et al 2011a;Fernandez et al 2016) which has Palearctic origin but a current worldwide distribution. Analyzing two mitochondrial and two nuclear markers, Fernandez et al (2011a) revealed a relatively high clonal diversity in this species whereas one clone was shared by almost one third of the sampled individuals and was widely distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic evidence of multiple introductions and mixed reproductive strategy in the peregrine earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus

et al. 2020

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Pontoscolex corethrurus is a well-known invasive earthworm in tropical zone which is believed to have originated from the Guayana Shield in South America and was described as parthenogenetic. A recent phylogenetic study revealed four cryptic species in the P. corethrurus complex (L1, L2, L3 and L4), among them L1 was particularly widespread and was proposed as P. corethrurus sensu stricto. Here, our aims were to investigate the genetic variation of P. corethrurus L1 in its presumed native and introduced ranges and to examine its reproductive strategy. An extensive dataset of 478 cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) sequences, obtained in specimens sampled all around the world, revealed a weak COI haplotype diversity with one major haplotype (H1) present in 76% of the specimens. Analyses of the genetic variation of 12 L1 populations were done using both nuclear (226 AFLP profiles) and mitochondrial (269 COI sequences) genetic information. The high AFLP genotype diversity at the worldwide scale and the fact that no genotype was shared among populations, allowed to reject the 'super-clone' invasion hypothesis. Moreover, a similar level of mean genetic diversity indices were observed between the introduced and native ranges, a pattern explained by a history of multiple introductions of specimens from different parts of the world. At last, occurrence of identical AFLPs genotypes (i.e. clones) in several population confirmed asexual reproduction, but recombination was also revealed by gametic equilibrium analysis in some populations suggesting that P. corethrurus L1 may have a mixed reproductive strategy.

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“…One of the notable paradoxes in earthworm systematics is that well-known and ubiquitous species that were extensively studied for over a century were found to harbor very high cryptic diversity [1]. In the last decade molecular studies revealed that many earthworm species contain two to five cryptic mitochondrial lineages, with about 10–20% of nucleotide substitutions among them (e.g., [2–5]). Different lineages are often found in individuals living in sympatry and forming a morphologically uniform sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis confirms differences among nuclear genomes of cryptic earthworm lineages living in sympatry

et al. 2019

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Background Many earthworm species demonstrate significant cryptic diversity, with several highly diverged mitochondrial lineages found within most of the taxa studied to date. The status of differences between these lineages on the nuclear level is still unclear. Because of widespread polyploidy in earthworms, most studies were limited to two nuclear loci, the ribosomal and the histone clusters. Here we attempted to elucidate the status of a set of genetic lineages within Eisenia nordenskioldi nordenskioldi , an earthworm species from Northern Asia with high intraspecific diversity. We performed RNA-seq on an IonTorrent platform for five specimens of this species belonging to five genetic lineages, as well as two outgroups from the family Lumbricidae, the congenetic E. andrei , and Lumbricus rubellus . Results We de novo assembled transcriptomes and constructed datasets of genes present in all seven specimens using broad (ProteinOrtho; 809 genes) and narrow (HaMStR; 203 genes) ortholog assignment. The majority of orthologs had identical amino acid sequences in all studied specimens, which we believe was due to strong bias towards the most conserved genes. However, for the rest of genes the differences among the lineages were lower than those between them and the congeneric E. andrei . Both datasets yielded phylogenetic trees with the same topology. E. n. nordenskioldi was found to be monophyletic. The differences on the genetic level had no concordance with geography, implying complex history of dispersal. Conclusions We found that genetic lineages of E. n. nordenskioldi are genetically distinct on nuclear level and probably diverged long ago. Current data implies that they might even represent distinct species within the E. nordenskioldi species complex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1370-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Diversification patterns in cosmopolitan earthworms: similar mode but different tempo

Cited by 30 publications

References 39 publications

Population structure and genetic variance among local populations of an non-native earthworm species in Minnesota, USA

Population structure and genetic variance among local populations of an non-native earthworm species in Minnesota, USA

Genetic evidence of multiple introductions and mixed reproductive strategy in the peregrine earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus

Transcriptomic analysis confirms differences among nuclear genomes of cryptic earthworm lineages living in sympatry

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