DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA DE CHILE HABANERO (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) MEDIANTE ISSR

Abstract

El chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) es distintivo de la Península de Yucatán, México; sin embargo, los estudios de diversidad genética a nivel molecular en este cultivo son escasos. El presente trabajo se planteó con el objetivo de caracterizar la diversidad genética del germoplasma de chile habanero, mediante marcadores ISSR. El material genético consistió en 60 poblaciones criollas de chile habanero recolectadas en los estados de Yucatán, Campeche, Quintana Roo y Tabasco, México, las cuales fueron genéticamente analizadas con tres loci ISSRs. El ADN fue extraído por el método de CTAB y los fragmentos se amplificaron por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Los datos se analizaron con los programas POPGENE V 1.31 y NTSYS V 2.0 mediante un análisis de componentes principales y las relaciones entre las poblaciones se obtuvieron con un análisis jerárquico de conglomerados usando el método UPGMA. Se detectaron un total 32 bandas y 98 % de ellas fueron polimórficas. Los resultados indican que la diversidad genética en poblaciones de chile habanero es alta, en donde el 95.5 % de la variación observada se encuentra dentro de las poblaciones y sólo el 4.5 % entre ellas. Se detectó un alto flujo génico entre las poblaciones. Los resultados de los análisis multivariados sugieren que gran cantidad de germoplasma de chile habanero se ha dispersado del estado de Yucatán a los estados de Campeche, Quintana Roo y Tabasco. El patrón de distribución de la diversidad genética de chile habanero no se asoció con el lugar de origen de las poblaciones analizadas.

Structure and Genetic Diversity of Nine Important Landraces of Capsicum Species Cultivated in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

“…However, despite having fewer accessions (two accessions: Bolita and Pico Paloma), group two had a genetic diversity value similar to that of group one, indicating that the accessions that formed this group present high levels of genetic diversity, and that the genetic diversity found for all accessions evaluated was high. This result is similar to that found by Lopéz-Espinoza et al [9] for 60 landraces of Capsicum chinense from southern Mexico using three ISSR primers and were higher than those by Hanáček et al [46] who reported an average polymorphism of 0.33 among 41 accessions of C. annuum.…”

“…In Mexico, Aguilar-Meléndez [6] considered the Yucatan Peninsula (Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo states) as an important region of domestication and diversification of Capsicum annuum. Despite this importance, very few studies have focused on the genetic diversity of Capsicum throughout the entire Peninsula; instead, the central area of the Yucatan Peninsula, that is, Yucatan state [7][8][9], has received all the attention. Thus, the total diversity present in the entire Yucatan Peninsula, inclusive of the other two states (Campeche and Quintana Roo states), is still unknown.…”

“…Previous studies on the genetic diversity of Capsicum present in the Yucatan Peninsula have been based solely on phenotypic traits, which are influenced by the environment, thus complicating the evaluations [11]. As DNA-based technology has revolutionized the evaluation of genetic diversity through the use of molecular markers [12], intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers have proven to be very useful for characterizing germplasm and estimating inter and intraspecific genetic diversity in Capsicum species [9,[13][14][15]. ISSRs are dominant markers, based on the amplification of DNA through the use of a single primer composed of a microsatellite (SSR) sequence, that allows the detection of polymorphisms without prior knowledge of the DNA sequence [16].…”

Agronomic Performance, Capsaicinoids, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity in Genotypes of Habanero Pepper Grown in the Southeast of Coahuila, Mexico

“…One of these techniques is plant genetic improvement, a method that has been widely used since pre-Hispanic times to improve food production for humanity [17]. In Capsicum, as in other horticultural species, obtaining crop varieties has generally been carried out through the evaluation and selection of promising genotypes within the populations and the existing genetic diversity, or by following the schemes of classical genetic improvement and hybridization [17,18].…”

“…In this regard, is important to use the existing genetic diversity to produce improved varieties of habanero pepper that can adapt to new local and regional agroclimatic con- through the evaluation and selection of promising genotypes within the populations and the existing genetic diversity, or by following the schemes of classical genetic improvement and hybridization [17,18]. In this regard, is important to use the existing genetic diversity to produce improved varieties of habanero pepper that can adapt to new local and regional agroclimatic conditions to enhance high productivity.…”