Diterpenes from the Roots ofOryza sativaL. and Their Inhibition Activity on NO Production in LPS‐Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages

Abstract

Two new pimarane diterpenoids, momilactone D (3) and momilactone E (5), along with three known diterpenoids, momilactone A (1), sandaracopimaradien-3-one (2), and oryzalexin A (4) were isolated from Oryza sativa roots. The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopic data analysis. The isolated diterpenoids were evaluated for their ability to inhibit NO production and iNOS mRNA and protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compound 4 showed strong inhibition activity on NO production, and compounds 1 and 4 decreased the expression of iNOS mRNA and protein levels.

Momilactone and Related Diterpenoids as Potential Agricultural Chemicals

“…Subsequently, momilactones D ( 5 ) and E ( 6 ) were identified from the roots of O. sativa . 23 Strictly speaking, momilactone E ( 6 ), which is a 19- nor -(9 β- H)-pimarane, should have not been called ‘momilactone’ because it does not contain a lactone structure in the molecule. Two other non-lactone derivatives, 6,19 β -epoxy-3 β -hydroxy-5 α ,9 β -pimara-7,15-diene ( 7 ) 21 and (9 β- H)-pimara-7,15-diene-3 β ,6 β ,19-triol ( 8 ), 22 were subsequently isolated from the rice husks and from rice leaves after UV-irradiation, respectively.…”

Eutypenoids A–C: Novel Pimarane Diterpenoids from the Arctic Fungus Eutypella sp. D-1

“…Pimarane diterpenoids with anti-inflammtory effects have been reported [ 17 , 18 ]. In our bioassay of eutypenoids A–C with several anti-inflammatory models, we found that eutypenoid B ( 2 ) had an immunosuppressive effect.…”

“…Cell viability was assessed by performing an MTT assay [ 17 ]. In brief, splenocytes (4 × 10 5 cells/well) were cultured in triplicate with or without compounds 1 – 3 in a 96 well plate at 37 °C in a 5% CO 2 atmosphere for 48 h. MTT was then added to the medium (0.5 mg/mL) and incubated for 4 h before the end of the incubation period.…”

Preventive Effects of Fluoro-Substituted Benzothiadiazole Derivatives and Chitosan Oligosaccharide against the Rice Seedling Blight Induced by Fusarium oxysporum

“…In addition, momilactones A and B significantly suppressed F. oxysporum and F. solani activities in vitro [56]. Although the biological importance of momilactones and its defense role in rice and mosses have been abundantly reported in the past, it was not until recently that the molecular basis for some of these functionalities were unraveled [57][58][59][60][61]. This resulted in Momilactose (A and B) being officially patented as non-chemical herbicides a little over a decade ago, giving more credence to their value in green agriculture research [62].…”