Disturbed brain activation during a working memory task in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD

Bayerl, M. W.; Dielentheis, Thomas F.; Vučurević, Goran; Gesierich, Thomas; Vogel, Frederick; Fehr, Christoph; Stoeter, P.; Huß, Michael; Konrad, Andreas

doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e328338b9be

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since the focus of this investigation was the task-related activation in frontal and parietal brain regions, fMRI was employed as the method of choice for superior spatial resolution. In line with previous findings (Ehlis et al, 2008; Bayerl et al, 2010; Cortese et al, 2012; Schecklmann et al, 2013), we expected the 2-back condition of this task to be associated with decreased frontal and parietal activation in aADHD patients compared to the 0-back control condition and healthy controls. In addition, we hypothesized that treatment with MPH for 6 weeks compared to placebo should increase activation in these areas for the treated aADHD patients.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Previous neuroimaging studies comparing the functional brain activation of aADHD patients to healthy controls during working memory tasks show alterations on the neuronal level with less prefrontal activation in the aADHD group than in a healthy control group (Ehlis et al, 2008; Valera et al, 2010; Schecklmann et al, 2013) as well as an overall decreased activation pattern in frontoparietal regions (Bayerl et al, 2010). Researchers employing meta-analytic techniques to investigate functional brain activity in aADHD patients from a network perspective also report hypoactivation in the frontoparietal network and, as a potential compensatory mechanism, hyperactivation in the dorsal attention network (Cortese et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task Difficulty?

Biehl

Merz

Dresler

et al. 2016

IJNPPY

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Background:Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been shown to affect working memory, and fMRI studies in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder report hypoactivation in task-related attentional networks. However, studies with adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients addressing this issue as well as the effects of clinically valid methylphenidate treatment are scarce. This study contributes to closing this gap.Methods:Thirty-five adult patients were randomized to 6 weeks of double-blind placebo or methylphenidate treatment. Patients completed an fMRI n-back working memory task both before and after the assigned treatment, and matched healthy controls were tested and compared to the untreated patients.Results:There were no whole-brain differences between any of the groups. However, when specified regions of interest were investigated, the patient group showed enhanced BOLD responses in dorsal and ventral areas before treatment. This increase was correlated with performance across all participants and with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the patient group. Furthermore, we found an effect of treatment in the right superior frontal gyrus, with methylphenidate-treated patients exhibiting increased activation, which was absent in the placebo-treated patients.Conclusions:Our results indicate distinct activation differences between untreated adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients and matched healthy controls during a working memory task. These differences might reflect compensatory efforts by the patients, who are performing at the same level as the healthy controls. We furthermore found a positive effect of methylphenidate on the activation of a frontal region of interest. These observations contribute to a more thorough understanding of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and provide impulses for the evaluation of therapy-related changes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task Difficulty?

Biehl

Merz

Dresler

et al. 2016

IJNPPY

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…MRI investigations were performed with a conventional head-cage coil on a 1.5 Tesla system (Vision Magnetom; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with gradients of 25 mT/m, as described by us previously [4,19]. MR-DTI images were acquired with a transversal diffusion-weighted singleshot spin-echo echo-planar-based sequence (TR/TE = 8,000 ms/100 ms, b = 0, and 900 mm 2 /s, matrix size of 128 9 128, 5 mm slice thickness, 30% separation factor, voxel size 1.8 9 1.8 9 5.0 mm) with diffusion-sensitizing gradients shot along six non-collinear directions.…”

Section: Mr-dti Image Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter abnormalities and their impact on attentional performance in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Konrad

Dielentheis

Masri

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Inattention is the most important behavioral feature of adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuroimaging studies in ADHD have demonstrated abnormalities primarily in the frontostriatal circuitry and were mostly conducted in children. We investigated white matter (WM) integrity in adult ADHD patients and the correlation of WM microstructure and neuropsychological parameters in 37 (21 men) never-medicated adult ADHD patients and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. All subjects underwent clinical interviews, rating scales, and neuropsychological tests of attentional performance. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was acquired, and 12 WM regions-of-interest (ROIs) within the attentional network were chosen. Group differences of mean fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values were calculated for each ROI, and patients' DTI measures were then correlated with measures of attentional performance. FA values in ADHD patients were significantly reduced in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), while MD values were significantly increased in ADHD patients in the frontal portion of the left frontooccipital fasciculus (IFO). In ADHD patients, MD values were negatively correlated with attentional performance in the left ILF. Our findings provide further support for disturbed frontostriatal structural connectivity and also point to an involvement of the left temporal white matter with an impact on attentional performance.

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“…Consistent with this notion, n-back performance is reported to be poor in people with borderline personality disorder (BPD: Hagenhoff et al, 2013), suicidality (Keilp et al, 2013), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD: McCarthy et al, 2014). When performing n-back tasks, ADHD patients reportedly activate bilateral middle frontal, cerebellar, occipital and parietal areas less than do controls (Valera et al, 2005;Bayerl et al, 2010). Likewise, on various tasks that recruit executive functions, BPD patients display hypoactivation of frontal areas-including the DLPFC (Krause-Utz et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

n-Back task performance and corresponding brain-activation patterns in women with restrictive and bulimic eating-disorder variants: Preliminary findings

Israël

Kleín

Pruessner

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Eating disorder (ED) variants characterized by "binge-eating/purging" symptoms differ from "restricting-only" variants along diverse clinical dimensions, but few studies have compared people with these different eating-disorder phenotypes on measures of neurocognitive function and brain activation. We tested the performances of 19 women with "restricting-only" eating syndromes and 27 with "binge-eating/purging" variants on a modified n-back task, and used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine task-induced brain activations in frontal regions of interest. When compared with "binge-eating/purging" participants, "restricting-only" participants showed superior performance. Furthermore, in an intermediate-demand condition, "binge-eating/purging" participants showed significantly less event-related activation than did "restricting-only" participants in a right posterior prefrontal region spanning Brodmann areas 6-8-a region that has been linked to planning of motor responses, working memory for sequential information, and management of uncertainty. Our findings suggest that working memory is poorer in eating-disordered individuals with binge-eating/purging behaviors than in those who solely restrict food intake, and that observed performance differences coincide with interpretable group-based activation differences in a frontal region thought to subserve planning and decision making.

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Disturbed brain activation during a working memory task in drug-naive adult patients with ADHD

Cited by 39 publications

References 19 publications

Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task Difficulty?

Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task Difficulty?

White matter abnormalities and their impact on attentional performance in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

n-Back task performance and corresponding brain-activation patterns in women with restrictive and bulimic eating-disorder variants: Preliminary findings

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