Distribution, status and conservation of <i>Lilium polyphyllum</i> (Liliaceae), a critically endangered medicinal plant from India

Dhyani, Anurag; Nautiyal, B. P.; Nautiyal, M. C.

doi:10.1080/11263504.2017.1330777

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The bulbs have been used in more than 30 Ayurvedic medicinal formulations, as an aphrodisiac, astringent, antipyretic, expectorant, galactagogue, revitalizing tonic and to treat general debility (Warrier et al 1997). Indiscriminate harvesting of bulbs, small population size, narrow geographical range, small area of occupancy, habitat degradation and continued decline in mature individuals of L. polyphyllum are responsible for the inclusion of the species under Critically Endangered status in IUCN Red List (Dhyani et al 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Overcoming root dormancy and identifying the storage behaviour of Lilium polyphyllum seeds

Dhyani

Baskin

Nautiyal

et al. 2019

Botany

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Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle is a critically endangered medicinal herb of Himalaya. Seeds have epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, and in the field a minimum of 34 weeks is required for root emergence. To date, treatments to decrease the time for root protrusion and seed storage behaviour have not been determined. We evaluated the effects of plant growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds as well as seed scarification on root emergence, and determined the storage behaviour of seeds. Root emergence at 20 °C was significantly increased by 100 ppm of indole butyric acid (IBA), KNO3, and thiourea, and by the application of NaOCl solution for 30 min. The mean germination time was significantly decreased by 50 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA3; 28 days) compared with 100 ppm GA3 (36 days). After 12 months of dry storage, the viability of seeds (TTC method) at room temperature (10–35 °C), 0–4 °C, and −20 ± 1 °C was 95%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; thus, the seeds have orthodox storage behaviour. Our recommendation for seedling production is to store the seeds at room temperature until they can be sown under warm wet conditions. Roots emerge after about 8 weeks, and then seeds should be given a 2-week cold moist treatment to break shoot dormancy. After 2 weeks of cold, transfer the seeds to warm (20 °C) spring temperature conditions to promote growth.

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Overcoming root dormancy and identifying the storage behaviour of Lilium polyphyllum seeds

Dhyani

Baskin

Nautiyal

et al. 2019

Botany

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“…S. costus and A. chasmanthum grows in subalpine and alpine meadows and occasionally in rocky slopes and moist ravines in temperate forests from 2100 to 4600 m elevation. L. polyphyllum prefers shady moist places from an elevational range of 2200–3200 m asl, where it thrives well in humus-rich soil with a good composition of sand, silt and humus ( Dhyani, 2017 ). On the other hand, G. kurroo prefers to grow on open slopes of mid and higher mountain ridges from 1500 to 3500 m asl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural habitat of the studied species is covered with snow from November to February with subzero temperature, hence the species remain underground during the period. During this time, the roots help in the process of nutrient and water absorption along with pulling the bulb/tuber/rhizome deeper into the soil to protect it from frost injury ( Dhyani, 2018 ). With the onset of the spring season when the temperature starts rising and snow melts, the species started life cycle activities by sprouting of vegetative parts.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The seeds of all the species matured during the autumn and winter season indicated chilling (cold stratification) requirement for breaking dormancy ( Table 4 ). The dispersed seeds germinate in the spring season of the following year as soon as temperature improves and reaches to about 15 ℃ ( Dhyani et al 2017 ). The dispersal of the seeds during autumn and winter season exposes these species to unfavourable environmental conditions which may hamper their natural regeneration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the field surveys, threats operating including extraction of the species for medicine, encroachment for agriculture, road construction, grazing and tourism-related activities were also noted. The information on germination and growth is based on published literature ( Raina et al, 2003 , Butola and Samant, 2006 , Gujree, 2007 , Tomar et al, 2012 , Dhyani, 2012 , Sourabh et al, 2015 , Bano et al, 2018 , Dhyani et al, 2013 , Dhyani et al, 2018 ). To record the phenological behaviour of the species, individuals of each species were tagged and monitored for sprouting, fruiting, flowering and senescence for a calendar year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecology, distribution mapping and conservation implications of four critically endangered endemic plants of Kashmir Himalaya

Mir

Tyub

Kamili

2020

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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During the last few decades, human-driven activities have led to indiscriminate habitat destruction and exploitation of many plant species in Kashmir Himalaya. As a result, many species have become threatened and are struggling for survival. Of particular concern are the endemic and critically endangered species which have the highest risk of the extinction, hence warranting immediate conservation actions. Therefore the current study was carried out to understand the distribution, ecology and conservation implications of the four critically endangered endemic plants of Kashmir Himalaya. Habitat distribution modelling showed that the suitable potential areas for the species occurred from subalpine to alpine meadowlands with an elevational range of 1500–4600 m asl. The output of the MaxEnt model and field surveys have revealed that their highest potential distribution is in Panchari, Khrew, Ramnagar, Pahalgam, Gurez, Sonamarg, Gulmarg and Kishtwar forest ranges. Based on the field explorations and herbarium records, Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch have 27 distribution areas, Gentiana kurroo Royle 18, Lilium polyphyllum D. Don 12 and Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf have 15. Precipitation of the driest month and annual mean temperature played an important role in the distribution of the studied species. The species started their lifecycle with the onset of the spring season, flowered in summer, fruit in autumn and senesce in the winter season. Under natural conditions, the number of days required for germination ranged from 180 to 210 where cold stratification played a pivotal role. Since last few decades, the populations of these species have been shrinking in their natural habitats due to over-exploitation for medicinal purposes and habitat destruction through amplified humanoid interferences like the expansion of agricultural land, road building, grazing and urbanization. Thus there is an urgent need to come up with positive strategies to save whatever is left and plan long term rescue measures not only to protect these species from extinction but also to reintroduce them along with framing the plans to supply sustained raw materials for medicine.

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Karyomorphological and SEM studies in newly discovered populations of a critically endangered medicinal plant — Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle from a high altitude protected area of north‐western Himalaya

Kumar

Singh²,

Singh

2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this study, new populations of a critically endangered Himalayan herb, Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle have been reported from Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India for the first time. Karyotypic, palynological, and spermological studies under the light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been carried out on specimens from these populations with an aim to add more knowledge to the current database of the species. Presently studied individuals depicted a diploid (2x) chromosome count of 2n = 24, which is in confirmation with the previous reports from Kashmir Himalaya. Mitotic study showed a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 2m + 2sm + 4st + 16t, that is, 2 metacentric +2 submetacentric +4 acrocentric +16 telocentric chromosomes. LM and SEM observations revealed that the pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, elliptical in polar view, and oblate with reticulate ornamentation. Based on the criteria of number, shape, and arrangement of columellae that form the muri, pollen grains in L. polyphyllum correspond to Martagon type. This is the first SEM based study on pollen grains and seeds of endangered Himalayan white lily. Based on the present ecological data collected we confirm the status of L. polyphyllum to be critically endangered in the study area.

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Distribution, status and conservation of Lilium polyphyllum (Liliaceae), a critically endangered medicinal plant from India

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Overcoming root dormancy and identifying the storage behaviour of Lilium polyphyllum seeds

Overcoming root dormancy and identifying the storage behaviour of Lilium polyphyllum seeds

Ecology, distribution mapping and conservation implications of four critically endangered endemic plants of Kashmir Himalaya

Karyomorphological and SEM studies in newly discovered populations of a critically endangered medicinal plant — Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle from a high altitude protected area of north‐western Himalaya

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