Distribution Patterns of Isomorphic Cold-Water Dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia Complex) Causing ‘red tides’ in the Baltic Sea

Jaanus, Andres; Hajdu, Susanna; Kaitala, Seppo; Andersson, Agneta; Kaljurand, Kaire; Ledaine, I; Lips, Inga; Olenina, Irina

doi:10.1007/s10750-005-1014-7

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The spring bloom field study revealed higher cell concentrations of B. baltica at Längden (~22 000 cells l -1 ), the offshore sampling station, compared to the inshore station Storfjärden (~10 000 cells l -1 ). Jaanus et al (2006) found that the Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia complex occurred at lower concentrations in coastal areas that are influenced by freshwater inflows. As the salinity differences between the stations in our study were minor (less than 0.5), the difference in abundance might be due to other factors.…”

Section: Biecheleria Baltica Bloom Dynamics As Revealed By Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the bloom-forming cold-water dinoflagellate Biecheleria baltica in the Baltic Sea using LSU rRNA probes

Sundström

Kremp²,

Tammilehto³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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Cold-water dinoflagellates frequently dominate the spring phytoplankton community of the northern Baltic Sea and contribute substantially to the spring primary production. These dinoflagellate communities are largely composed of 3 different species (Biecheleria baltica, Scrippsiella hangoei, Gymnodinium corollarium) that cannot be unambiguously separated by conventional light microscopy. In this study, a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay was developed for the detection of B. baltica in field samples. The probe-based method was tested and optimized in vitro, and potential effects of the B. baltica life-cycle transitions were evaluated by examining the labeling quality of the probes on different life-cycle stages before the assay was applied in a field study. The BbRNA4 probe had the highest specificity and was chosen for downstream applications. The lifecycle experiment showed significant differences in labeling efficiency between cultured cells from different growth phases, particularly for the nutrient-limited treatment compared to the control. Tests with spiked field samples revealed that cell recovery in the FISH assay was low (30%), resulting in a considerable underestimation of in situ abundances. However, a strong relationship between FISH and Utermöhl counts of field samples suggests that trends of the bloom dynamics can be followed reliably by this method. By applying the FISH detection method in a field survey, we found that the dynamics of the B. baltica bloom follows that established earlier for the Scrippsiella/Biecheleria/ Gymnodinium complex, with 2 peaks throughout the season. When corrected for processing losses, FISH-based abundance estimates suggest that B. baltica comprised the major fraction of the total dinoflagellate complex during the spring bloom at the southwest coast of Finland.

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Section: Biecheleria Baltica Bloom Dynamics As Revealed By Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the bloom-forming cold-water dinoflagellate Biecheleria baltica in the Baltic Sea using LSU rRNA probes

Sundström

Kremp²,

Tammilehto³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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“…The phytoplankton community during the highly productive spring is dominated by diatoms and dinoflagellates in most of the Baltic Sea (Niemi, 1975;Heiskanen, 1993;Wasmund et al, 1998;Höglander et al, 2004;Tamelander and Heiskanen, 2004;Jaanus et al, 2006). Diatoms are generally very successful during periods of high new production (i.e., production based on accumulated nitrate), like the spring bloom, as their higher growth rate enables them to outcompete e.g., dinoflagellates (Reynolds, 2006).…”

Section: Changing Phytoplankton Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting Diatom—Dinoflagellate Dominance During Spring Bloom in the Baltic Sea and its Potential Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling

et al. 2018

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The Baltic Sea is affected by a range of human induced environmental pressures such as eutrophication. Here we synthesize the ongoing shift from diatom dominance toward more dinoflagellates in parts of the Baltic Sea during the spring bloom and its potential effects on biogeochemical cycling of key elements (e.g., C, N, and P). The spring bloom is the period with the highest annual primary production and sinking of organic matter to the sediment. The fate of this organic matter is a key driver for material fluxes, affecting ecosystem functioning and eutrophication feedback loops. The dominant diatoms and dinoflagellates appear to be functionally surrogates as both groups are able to effectively exhaust the wintertime accumulation of inorganic nutrients and produce bloom level biomass that contribute to vertical export of organic matter. However, the groups have very different sedimentation patterns, and the seafloor has variable potential to mineralize the settled biomass in the different sub-basins. While diatoms sink quickly out of the euphotic zone, dinoflagellates sink as inert resting cysts, or lyse in the water column contributing to slowly settling phyto-detritus. The dominance by either phytoplankton group thus directly affects both the summertime nutrient pools of the water column and the input of organic matter to the sediment but to contrasting directions. The proliferation of dinoflagellates with high encystment efficiency could increase sediment retention and burial of organic matter, alleviating the eutrophication problem and improve the environmental status of the Baltic Sea.

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“…10 000 cells ml , which corresponds to bloom conditions in the field (e.g. Heiskanen 1993, Larsen et al 1995, Jaanus et al 2006, Spilling 2007. Starting concentrations of the target species were ca.…”

Section: Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allelopathic effects of Baltic Sea spring bloom dinoflagellates on co-occurring phytoplankton

Suikkanen¹,

Hakanen²,

Spilling³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Dinoflagellate-dominated spring blooms are globally uncommon, but they regularly occur and are even increasing in the Baltic Sea, varying interannually in importance with diatomdominated blooms. The success of dinoflagellates in the spring phytoplankton community has remained poorly understood, as they are expected to be inferior competitors due to their low growth rates and nutrient uptake capacities under nutrient-replete spring conditions. To prevail in the phytoplankton community, dinoflagellates must either be favored by specific environmental settings or possess adaptations, such as allelopathy, to compensate for their competitive disadvantage. Using batch cultures, we studied the allelopathic effects of 3 dominant vernal dinoflagellates -Biecheleria baltica, Gymnodinium corollarium and Scrippsiella hangoei -on 5 typical spring bloom diatoms and 1 cryptophyte. We also tested the effects of the dinoflagellates on each other. Three of the 5 diatoms -Melosira arctica, Skeletonema marinoi and Thalassiosira balticawere significantly inhibited by cell-free filtrates or live cells of all dinoflagellates. Chaetoceros cf. wighamii and Diatoma tenuis were suppressed by G. corollarium, and D. tenuis was also suppressed by live cells of S. hangoei. In contrast, the cryptophyte Rhodomonas sp. was stimulated by all dinoflagellate species. The effects of dinoflagellate filtrates on other dinoflagellate species were mostly positive, but co-culturing tended to inhibit the growth of the respective target dinoflagellates. As some of the major players of the diatom spring bloom can be suppressed by cooccurring dinoflagellates in culture, we conclude that allelopathy may be one mechanism by which vernal dinoflagellates frequently outcompete diatoms and form intense spring blooms.

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Distribution Patterns of Isomorphic Cold-Water Dinoflagellates (Scrippsiella/Woloszynskia Complex) Causing ‘red tides’ in the Baltic Sea

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Detection of the bloom-forming cold-water dinoflagellate Biecheleria baltica in the Baltic Sea using LSU rRNA probes

Detection of the bloom-forming cold-water dinoflagellate Biecheleria baltica in the Baltic Sea using LSU rRNA probes

Shifting Diatom—Dinoflagellate Dominance During Spring Bloom in the Baltic Sea and its Potential Effects on Biogeochemical Cycling

Allelopathic effects of Baltic Sea spring bloom dinoflagellates on co-occurring phytoplankton

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