Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect: Program PRODCLIN

MacKinnon, David P.; Fritz, Matthew S.; Williams, J.R.; Lockwood, Chondra M.

doi:10.3758/bf03193007

Cited by 1,171 publications

(1,059 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Maximum likelihood estimation was employed to include all available data. The statistical significance of mediated effects was computed by the PRODCLIN program, which provides more accurate mediated effects confidence limits since the distribution of the product of two normally distributed variables is not normal [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worksite wellness program implementation: a model of translational effectiveness

Elliot

MacKinnon

Mabry

et al. 2012

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Occupational health promotion programs with documented efficacy have not penetrated worksites. Establishing an implementation model would allow focusing on mediating aspects to enhance installation and use of evidence-based occupational wellness interventions. The purpose of the study was to implement an established wellness program in fire departments and define predictors of program exposure/dose to outcomes to define a cross-sectional model of translational effectiveness. The study is a prospective observational study among 12 NW fire departments. Data were collected before and following installation, and findings were used to conduct mediation analysis and develop a translational effectiveness model. Worker age was examined for its impact. Leadership, scheduling/competing demands, and tailoring were confirmed as model components, while organizational climate was not a factor. The established model fit data well (χ 2 (9)=25.57, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.03). Older firefighters, nearing retirement, appeared to have influences that both enhanced and hindered participation. Findings can inform implementation of worksite wellness in fire departments, and the prioritized influences and translational model can be validated and manipulated in these and other settings to more efficiently move health promotion science to service.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worksite wellness program implementation: a model of translational effectiveness

Elliot

MacKinnon

Mabry

et al. 2012

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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show abstract

“…98 Asymmetric confidence limits will be constructed based on the distribution of the product with the PRODCLIN program. 99 Because multi-collinearity may be present in multiple mediator models, we first will test each mediator in single-mediator models. Multiple-mediator models including all variables that are at least marginally significant in the single-mediator models will test for independent and suppression effects.…”

Section: Analytical Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a culturally-adapted lifestyle intervention to treat elevated cardiometabolic risk of Latino adults in primary care (Vida Sana): A randomized controlled trial

Rosas

Xiao

et al. 2016

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Latinos bear a disproportionate burden of the dual pandemic of obesity and diabetes. However, successful interventions addressing this disparity through primary care are lacking. To address this gap, the 5-year Vida Sana (Healthy Life) study tests a culturally adapted and technology-enhanced group-based Diabetes Prevention Program intervention in a randomized controlled trial with overweight/obese Latino adults who have metabolic syndrome and/or pre-diabetes. Eligible, consenting patients (n=186) from a large community-based multispecialty group practice in Northern California will be randomly assigned to receive the culturally-adapted intervention or usual care. The RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework guided the planned evaluations. The primary aim is to determine the effectiveness of the intervention (the "E" in RE-AIM). We hypothesize that the intervention will lead to a greater mean reduction in weight at 24 months (primary endpoint) vs. usual care. Secondary outcomes will include measures of cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g., blood pressure), psychosocial wellbeing (e.g., health-related quality of life), and behavior change (e.g., physical activity). The secondary aim is to evaluate the other RE-AIM dimensions using mixed methods: reach (e.g., participation rate of the target population), adoption (e.g., participating clinic and provider characteristics), implementation (e.g., intervention fidelity), and maintenance (e.g., sustainability in the practice setting). These findings have real word applicability with value to clinicians, patients, and other decision makers considering effective diabetes prevention programs for primary

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“…MacKinnon, Fritz, Williams, and Lockwood (2007); MacKinnon, Lockwood, and Williams (2004);and Williams and MacKinnon (2008) described the distribution of the product method for obtaining confidence limits for indirect effects. This method involves using the analytically derived distribution of the product of random variables (in the present case, the product of structural coefficients).…”

Section: Implementation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has the advantage of not assuming symmetry for the sampling distribution of the indirect effect, and therefore confidence intervals based on this method can be appropriately asymmetric. MacKinnon et al (2007) developed the software program PRODCLIN-now available as a stand-alone executable program and in versions for SAS, SPSS, and R-to enable researchers to use this method.…”

Section: Implementation Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation.

Preacher

Zyphur

Zhang

2010

Psychological Methods

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3,051

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Several methods for testing mediation hypotheses with 2-level nested data have been proposed by researchers using a multilevel modeling (MLM) paradigm. However, these MLM approaches do not accommodate mediation pathways with Level-2 outcomes and may produce conflated estimates of between-and within-level components of indirect effects. Moreover, these methods have each appeared in isolation, so a unified framework that integrates the existing methods, as well as new multilevel mediation models, is lacking. Here we show that a multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) paradigm can overcome these 2 limitations of mediation analysis with MLM. We present an integrative 2-level MSEM mathematical framework that subsumes new and existing multilevel mediation approaches as special cases. We use several applied examples and accompanying software code to illustrate the flexibility of this framework and to show that different substantive conclusions can be drawn using MSEM versus MLM. Researchers in behavioral, educational, and organizational research settings often are interested in testing mediation hypotheses with hierarchically clustered data. For example, Bacharach, Bamberger, and Doveh (2008) investigated the mediating role of distress in the relationship between the intensity of involvement in work-related incidents and problematic drinking behavior among firefighting personnel. They used data in which firefighters were nested within ladder companies and all three variables were assessed at the subject level. Using data from customer service engineers working in teams, Maynard, Mathieu, Marsh, and Ruddy (2007) found that team-level interpersonal processes mediate the relationship between team-level resistance to empowerment and individual job satisfaction. Both of these examples-and many others-involve data that vary both within and between higher level units. Traditional methods for assessing mediation (e.g., Baron & Kenny, 1986;MacKinnon, Lockwood, Hoffman, West, & Sheets, 2002;MacKinnon, Warsi, & Dwyer, 1995) are inappropriate in these multilevel settings, primarily because the assumption of independence of observations is violated when clustered data are used, leading to downwardly biased standard errors if ordinary regression is used. For this reason, several methods have been proposed for addressing mediation hypotheses when the data are hierarchically organized.These recommended procedures for testing multilevel mediation have been developed and framed almost exclusively within the standard multilevel modeling (MLM) paradigm (for thorough treatments of MLM, see Bryk, 2002, andSnijders &Bosker, 1999) and implemented with commercially available MLM software, such as SAS PROC MIXED, HLM, or MLwiN. For example, some authors have discussed models in which the independent variable X, mediator M, and dependent variable Y all are measured at Level 1 of a two-level hierarchy (a 1-1-1 design, adopting notation proposed by Krull & MacKinnon, 2001), 1 and slopes either are fixed (Pituch, Whittaker, & Stapleton, 2005...

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Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect: Program PRODCLIN

Cited by 1,171 publications

References 29 publications

Worksite wellness program implementation: a model of translational effectiveness

Worksite wellness program implementation: a model of translational effectiveness

Evaluation of a culturally-adapted lifestyle intervention to treat elevated cardiometabolic risk of Latino adults in primary care (Vida Sana): A randomized controlled trial

A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation.

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