Distribution of metabolites in galled and non-galled leaves of Clusia lanceolata and its antioxidant activity

Abstract

Galls Essential oil Phenols Flavones Antioxidants A B S T R A C T Essential oils of galled and non-galled leaves of Clusia lanceolata Cambess., Clusiaceae, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The chemical composition of both oils was similar, with a predominance of sesquiterpene caryophyllenes. The extracts from the leaves were evaluated regarding total phenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins. Galled leaves showed higher levels of phenolics and proanthocyanidins, since the content of flavonoids was higher in non-galled leaves. The chromatographic profiles of extracts were obtained by using HPLC/DAD and LC-ESI-MS. Electrospray ionisation (ESI) in positive and negative ion mode was used to identify four flavones C-glycosides in both extracts. The study constitutes a first report on the chemical research of C. lanceolata. The extract from galled leaves had a higher antioxidant activity.

Does Hartigiola annulipes (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) distribute its galls randomly?

“…Petrakis et al (2011) report phenols in the leaves and bark of F. sylvatica in Greece and that infested beech leaves have higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds and that it increases with the number of insects attacking beech trees. The concentration of phenolics in host organs can vary, which affects the distribution of galls (Zucker, 1982;Bergvinson, 1997;Giertych & Karolewski, 2000;Gutterman & Chauser-Volfson, 2000;Ferreira et al, 2014). Thus, we expected that H. annulipes would avoid galling the distal zone and prefer the proximal third of leaves.…”

GC/MS analysis and bioactive properties of extracts obtained from Clusia minor L. leaves

“…In the genus Clusia have been identified triterpenoids, such as α and β amyrins [16,22], friedelin [10,12,16,23], aplotaxene [22], oleanolic acid [22,24], α and β friedelinols [16,22,24]. Meanwhile, we have reported here the presence of α and β-amyrins, friedelin, epifriedelinol and lupeol in Clusia minor L. Lupeol was the most abundant triterpene found in the present study (representing 13.7% of total identified compounds), followed of α-amyrin (10%).…”

“…β-sitosterol has been associated with cardiovascular protection, exerting its effect mainly through increasing the antioxidant defense system and effectively lowering the serum cholesterol levels in humans [35]. Only β-sitosterol has been reported found previously in the genus [10,12,22] and, stigmasterol was identified for the first time in the genus in the previous study done for this specie [16].…”

“…In addition, other metabolites have also been described to be present in the genus, such as flavonoids [4,[8][9][10], terpenes [8,10,11] and sterols [10,11]. Some of these compounds and extracts obtained from Clusia species have presented antioxidant [9,12], antiinflammatory [13], antibacterial [6,10] and antitumor activities [8,14].…”

UPLC-QTOF-MS Analysis of Extracts from the Leaves of <i>Pouteria caimito</i> (Sapotaceae) and Their Antioxidant Activity

“…In addition to the hexane extract from the leaves, spinasterol was isolated [5]. Continuing our search for antioxidant substances [15] [16] [17] in plant species of the Brazilian flora, we describe in this work, the chemical study and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts from the leaves of P. caimito collected in the Tocantins state, Brazil.…”