Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Safitri YA, Hasanah U, Salamiah, Samharinto, Pramudi MI. 2019. Distribution of major diseases of shallot in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 3: 33-40. Shallot is a vegetable crop with high economic value, but its productivity in Indonesia is still relatively low. One of the causes is due to attack of the diseases. The research was conducted from November 2017 to April 2018, with the purpose of studying the distribution of major diseases of shallots in South Kalimantan. It consisted of field, laboratory, and greenhouse research. Field research involved the survey of shallots’ extensive planting in eight villages of six districts in South Kalimantan, disease symptoms, the broad of attack, and the collection of secondary data. Laboratory research included the isolation and identification of the pathogen causing diseases. The greenhouse research was conducted to perform the Postulate Koch test. The research result showed that there were two major diseases of shallots, namely Moler and Anthracnose. Pathogen causing Moler disease (Fusarium oxysporum) attacked shallot plant in six districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, Tapin, and Banjarbaru) and pathogen causing Anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum sp) attacked shallot plant in five districts (Tabalong, Balangan, Tanah Laut, Kotabaru, and Tapin).

Microbial diversity of shallot plantation in peat-lands applied with three types of botanical pesticides

“…One of the main diseases of red-onion plant found in South Kalimantan is a malignant disease called moler caused by Fusarium spp. [1]. Onion cropping land applied with botanical pesticides shows a decrease in microbes in the soil except for Chirinyuh extract.…”

“…One of the causes of the low productivity of shallots in South Kalimantan comes from biotic factors such as a plant disease, because it is almost always found in every area of planting shallots [1].…”

Sensitivity of bulb tissue section for detection of Fusarium causes Moler disease of shallot

“…The disease intensity is largely determined by the source of the inoculum, the resistance of the host, and the environment [15], [19]. F. oxysporum attack increased due to the support of suitable environmental conditions such as humid weather in the rainy season [7], high temperatures of 18 -380C, and low pH, so causing infection of shallot bulbs by the Moler pathogen more high [20].…”

Suppression of Moler Disease on Shallot by Ziram Fungicide in South Sumatera Lowland

“…in shallots are very dependent on environmental conditions, i.e. soil pH, soil temperature, humidity, and nutrients [16]. Germination, timing germination and growth Fusarium decrease if land salinity increases [17].…”