Distribution of calcification in carotid endarterectomy tissues: Comparison of micro-computed tomography imaging with histology

Ababneh, Bashar; Rejjal, Loui; Pokharel, Yashashwi; Nambi, Vijay; Wang, Xukui; Tung, Ching–Hsuan; Han, Richard I.; Taylor, Addison A.; Kougias, Panagiotis; Lumsden, Alan B.; Lawrie, Gerald M.; Reardon, Michael J.; Ballantyne, Christie M.; Morrisett, Joel D.; Brunner, Gerd

doi:10.1177/1358863x14549270

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The histological analyses showed, for both decalcified and undecalcified samples, a stratified structure supporting the pathological etiology of atherosclerotic plaques and reflecting the literature description of soft tissue samples (17)(18)(19)(20). In particular, the semi-thin decalcified samples stained in H&E showed a clear picture of the stratification in both autopsy and cemeterial samples (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Distinguishing Atherosclerotic Calcifications in Dry Bone: Implications for Forensic Identification

Biehler‐Gomez

Maderna

Brescia

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Atherosclerotic calcifications, as calcified atheromatous elements, are markers of cardiovascular disease. However, the literature gives little information regarding their morphological aspect, making their identification very rare in skeletonized cases. In this paper, we document the morphological, histological, and SEM aspects of atherosclerotic plaques collected from unclaimed cemeterial skeletal remains from an identified osteological collection and extracted from well‐preserved cadavers autopsied at the medico‐legal institute of Milan. Each of the three analyses provided similar results: atherosclerotic calcifications are convex‐concave plaques with a stratified structure, a pale‐yellow coloration in autopsy cases and yellow to brown when recovered in dry bone. Histologically, undecalcified and decalcified sections showed a stratified aspect formed by superimposed layers. Lastly, the SEM analysis showed a precise view of the stratified structure of the plaques in transverse section. As markers of disease, atherosclerotic calcifications can provide important antemortem information on the deceased that may be compared to antemortem data.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Distinguishing Atherosclerotic Calcifications in Dry Bone: Implications for Forensic Identification

Biehler‐Gomez

Maderna

Brescia

et al. 2018

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…It may be present in the lumen as a calcified plaque cap or may also invade the intima or media [ 10 ]. It has been shown that the amount of calcification quantified by carotid CT correlated with respective histology sections [ 11 , 12 ]. Carotid US is an easy and economically favorable method to study different plaque features and their potential association with symptoms [ 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atherosclerotic Calcification Detection: A Comparative Study of Carotid Ultrasound and Cone Beam CT

Jashari

Ibrahimi

Johansson

et al. 2015

IJMS

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Background and Aim: Arterial calcification is often detected on ultrasound examination but its diagnostic accuracy is not well validated. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of carotid ultrasound B mode findings in detecting atherosclerotic calcification quantified by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: We analyzed 94 carotid arteries, from 88 patients (mean age 70 ± 7 years, 33% females), who underwent pre-endarterectomy ultrasound examination. Plaques with high echogenic nodules and posterior shadowing were considered calcified. After surgery, the excised plaques were examined using CBCT, from which the calcification volume (mm3) was calculated. In cases with multiple calcifications the largest calcification nodule volume was used to represent the plaque. Carotid artery calcification by the two imaging techniques was compared using conventional correlations. Results: Carotid ultrasound was highly accurate in detecting the presence of calcification; with a sensitivity of 88.2%. Based on the quartile ranges of calcification volumes measured by CBCT we have divided plaque calcification into four groups: <8; 8–35; 36–70 and >70 mm3. Calcification volumes ≥8 were accurately detectable by ultrasound with a sensitivity of 96%. Of the 21 plaques with <8 mm3 calcification volume; only 13 were detected by ultrasound; resulting in a sensitivity of 62%. There was no difference in the volume of calcification between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: Carotid ultrasound is highly accurate in detecting the presence of calcified atherosclerotic lesions of volume ≥8 mm3; but less accurate in detecting smaller volume calcified plaques. Further development of ultrasound techniques should allow better detection of early arterial calcification.

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“…In this regard, conventional histological sectioning can induce tears and folds in arterial tissue, and in the specific case of large arteries, often causes separation of the collagen-rich adventitia from the external elastic lamina [ 70 ]. In heavily calcified blood vessels such as those found next to extensive lipid-rich atherosclerotic plaques, calcified deposits are also prone to “drop out” of the arterial wall when sectioned, producing shearing artefacts and tissue damage ( Figure 2 A) [ 71 , 72 ]. This precludes the accurate quantification of calcification using image analysis tools such as Image J.…”

Section: Commonly Used Methods To Quantify Vascular Calcification mentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography: An Emerging Technology to Analyze Vascular Calcification in Animal Models

Borland

Ashton

Francis

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Vascular calcification describes the formation of mineralized tissue within the blood vessel wall, and it is highly associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In this article, we briefly review different rodent models used to study vascular calcification in vivo, and critically assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current techniques used to analyze and quantify calcification in these models, namely 2-D histology and the o-cresolphthalein assay. In light of this, we examine X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT) as an emerging complementary tool for the analysis of vascular calcification in animal models. We demonstrate that this non-destructive technique allows us to simultaneously quantify and localize calcification in an intact vessel in 3-D, and we consider recent advances in µCT sample preparation techniques. This review also discusses the potential to combine 3-D µCT analyses with subsequent 2-D histological, immunohistochemical, and proteomic approaches in correlative microscopy workflows to obtain rich, multifaceted information on calcification volume, calcification load, and signaling mechanisms from within the same arterial segment. In conclusion we briefly discuss the potential use of µCT to visualize and measure vascular calcification in vivo in real-time.

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Distribution of calcification in carotid endarterectomy tissues: Comparison of micro-computed tomography imaging with histology

Abstract: Calcified plaque is heterogeneously distributed in CEA tissues with most in the bulb and IES regions. The amount of calcification in micro-CT slices shows a high correlation with matched histology sections.

Cited by 9 publications

References 41 publications

Distinguishing Atherosclerotic Calcifications in Dry Bone: Implications for Forensic Identification

Distinguishing Atherosclerotic Calcifications in Dry Bone: Implications for Forensic Identification

Atherosclerotic Calcification Detection: A Comparative Study of Carotid Ultrasound and Cone Beam CT

X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography: An Emerging Technology to Analyze Vascular Calcification in Animal Models

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