Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and Characterization of Two New Luteovirus Species

Although the high Arctic archipelago Svalbard is among the best-studied Arctic regions in terms of biodiversity, its aphid fauna is extremely limited. Two endemic species have been described to date, and no species of a foreign origin has been registered. Our observation is the first record of the non-native and potentially invasive green-peach aphid species Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae), which was collected on the largest island of the archipelago-Spitsbergen. The green-peach aphid was found on three different ornamental plants: Viola tricolor (Violaceae), Dianthus caryophyllus (Pink Kisses) (Caryophyllaceae) and Petunia × hybrida (surfinia) (Solanaceae). The plants were displayed in front of one of the shops in the main street of Longyearbyen, the largest populated settlement of Svalbard. The infected plants came from the only supermarket on the archipelago, which had brought them from the mainland of Norway. Although the aphids (winged and wingless viviparous females and immature ones) were clearly visible on all of the plants (the distinct colonies from few to numerous individuals), the owners were not aware that the plants were infected. Similarly, the supermarket staff who are responsible for the live green plants did not register the presence of aphids on the imported plants. In this context, our results also suggest that a stricter approach to regional biosecurity needs to be considered in order to avoid the risks of further unintentional introductions.

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“…They can also transfer viruses (e.g. Barley yellow dwarf virus) to native plant species (Svanella-Dumas et al 2013).…”

Section: Fig 1 Collecting Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

The first detection of the alien species: green-peach aphid Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae) in the Svalbard archipelago

Wieczorek

Chłond

2019

Polar Biol

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“…Effects of viruses on plant fitness, however, remain poorly understood, especially in natural ecosystems. Given substantial virus prevalence across diverse ecosystems (Roossinck et al 2010;Svanella-Dumas et al 2013), this gap in understanding must be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop‐associated virus infection in a native perennial grass: reduction in plant fitness and dynamic patterns of virus detection

et al. 2017

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Summary To understand the eco‐evolutionary significance of plant viruses in nature, we must (i) quantify the effects of infection on plant fitness and (ii) recognize that native plants are increasingly exposed to crop‐associated viruses. Studies of perennials are particularly needed: most of our knowledge of plant‐virus interactions is from annuals, yet long‐lived species dominate landscapes. Here we used aster models for life‐history analysis and longitudinal measures of plant virus status to evaluate multi‐year consequences of crop virus infection in a native perennial. We used Barley yellow dwarf virus acquired from wheat to inoculate seedlings of Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), a North American prairie grass. We grew inoculated and mock‐inoculated individuals of two ecotypes for 3 years in the field. We measured plant size, infection status and fitness components. Aster modelling provided integrated multi‐year measures of fitness. Crop virus inoculation reduced multi‐year native plant fitness by 30% over 2 years despite generally asymptomatic infection and evidence of resistance. This reduction was greater than predicted from individual fitness components or most size measures. Ecotypes differed in response, with the lowland ecotype experiencing higher apparent recovery from infection. Virus treatment in the upland ecotype delayed flowering phenology and reduced seed filling. Synthesis. Our use of field experimentation, surveys of plant infection status and aster modelling demonstrates a rigorous and broadly applicable approach for quantifying the effects of viruses and other microbes on multi‐year plant fitness. We found that a crop virus had negative multi‐year effects on native plant fitness even after infection was no longer detected. Viruses may have substantial effects on native vegetation with domestication of landscapes and agricultural expansion.

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“…The most important of these viruses is (14,24,25,28). Sitobion avenae F. and Rhopalosiphum padi L. are the two main aphid species recognized to transmit BYDVs efficiently (11,29).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV management using seed-treatment with the insecticide imidacloprid

Najar

2017

AJPP

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This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the insecticide imidacloprid as seed treatment against Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) infection in barley. Artificial inoculation of resistant (QB 813-2) and susceptible (Manel, Rihane and Cyclon) barley cultivars with BYDV-PAV under field conditions was conducted through the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi). Following inoculation, virus incidence was monitored on the various cultivars, and growth parameters such as plant height, biomass, grain yield and thousand seed weight were measured. Seed treatment with imidacloprid, was applied at concentrations of 0.7, 1.4 and 2 g a.i/kg seed. The highest reduction in BYDV incidence was observed after treatment with the concentration of 1.4 g a.i/kg seed. The results also indicated that the 1.4 g a.i/kg seed treatment significantly reduced the impact of BYDV-PAV infection on plant height for the susceptible cultivars Manel and Cyclon. An improvement in the biomass, grain yield and thousand kernels weight was recorded after imidacloprid treatment of the susceptible cultivars at the concentration of 1.4 g a.i/kg seed, and this concentration can be considered an economic practice for BYDV management in barley fields at locations where BYDV incidence is high.

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Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and Characterization of Two New Luteovirus Species

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

The first detection of the alien species: green-peach aphid Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae) in the Svalbard archipelago

The first detection of the alien species: green-peach aphid Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (Insecta, Hemiptera, Aphididae) in the Svalbard archipelago

Crop‐associated virus infection in a native perennial grass: reduction in plant fitness and dynamic patterns of virus detection

Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV management using seed-treatment with the insecticide imidacloprid

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