Distribution of alveolar‐interstitial syndrome in dogs and cats with respiratory distress as assessed by lung ultrasound versus thoracic radiographs

Abstract

Lung ultrasound and TXR were both useful to detect and categorize distribution of alveolar or interstitial pulmonary pathology. Spatial agreement between modalities was only fair. Overall, LUS detected a higher incidence of AIS compared to TXR. Both modalities detected differences in distribution of AIS based on final diagnosis, suggesting that a regional pattern-based approach to thoracic imaging may prove diagnostically useful.

Evaluation of point‐of‐care thoracic ultrasound and NT‐proBNP for the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in cats with respiratory distress

“…The distribution of B‐lines among Vet BLUE sites was relatively uniform in cats with CHF in our study, and did not differ from that of cats with NC disease. This observation is consistent with previous studies of LUS in cats in which cats with CHF usually have B‐lines in all Vet BLUE sites (diffuse distribution). This finding is also consistent with the typical radiographic appearance of pulmonary edema in cats, often described as patchy, multifocal, or diffuse .…”

“…This observation is consistent with previous studies of LUS in cats in which cats with CHF usually have B‐lines in all Vet BLUE sites (diffuse distribution). This finding is also consistent with the typical radiographic appearance of pulmonary edema in cats, often described as patchy, multifocal, or diffuse . Additional subpleural LUS abnormalities other than B‐lines (Sh, Ti, or Nd) were seen in a minority of cats (25%).…”

Diagnosis of pulmonary contusions with point‐of‐care lung ultrasonography and thoracic radiography compared to thoracic computed tomography in dogs with motor vehicle trauma: 29 cases (2017‐2018)

“…All LUS examinations were performed by 1 investigator, an Emergency & Critical Care resident (SD), who completed an 8-hour training session in point-ofcare ultrasonography taught by another investigator (GL) with significant experience in point-of-care ultrasonography. [14][15][16][17][20][21][22][23][29][30][31] LUS examinations were performed using a single ultrasound machine * and a curvilinear probe † (10.2-4.2 MHz) and used the VetBLUE protocol first described by Lisciandro et al 15 In brief, the protocol consists of 4 bilaterally applied thoracic acoustic windows (8 total acoustic windows), referred to as the caudo-dorsal lung region (Cd), the perihilar lung region (Ph), the middle lung region (Md), and the cranial lung region (Cr). Dogs were positioned in standing or sternal recumbency to avoid atelectasis ( Figure 1).…”

“…LUS relies on ultrasonographic artifacts to diagnose normal lung or increased extravascular lung water (B-lines and C-lines) at the pulmonary-pleural surface, previously described elsewhere. 6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] , Multiple human trauma studies have demonstrated that LUS has high sensitivity when compared to "gold standard" TCT for detecting PC. 6,10 , In Soldati et al, LUS was 94.6% sensitive and 96.1% specific for identifying PC when compared to TCT, and TXR were 27% sensitive and 100% specific for PC.…”

“…Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been documented to be an effective and safe imaging modality for the rapid diagnosis of common types of thoracic pathology in animals and people. LUS relies on ultrasonographic artifacts to diagnose normal lung or increased extravascular lung water (B‐lines and C‐lines) at the pulmonary‐pleural surface, previously described elsewhere 6,9–24 ,. Multiple human trauma studies have demonstrated that LUS has high sensitivity when compared to “gold standard” TCT for detecting PC 6,10 ,.…”