Distribution and source apportionment studies of heavy metals in soil of cotton/wheat fields

Rafique, Nazia; Tariq, Saadia R.

doi:10.1007/s10661-016-5309-0

Cited by 65 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The same distribution characteristics were found for EC and nitrate, and the significant correlation between electrical conductivity and nitrate is found (Table 3). Same results were also found in related research 37,38 . The measurement of soil nitrate is a relatively complex task, but there are instruments that can directly and easily measure the soil's electrical conductivity, and the regression equation between soil nitrate and EC can be used to achieve the transformation from soil electrical conductivity to soil nitrate content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and nitrate content affected by surface irrigation and fertilizer rate in silage corn fields

Liu

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Among surface irrigation systems, long border and furrow are more adaptive to mechanized farming but may cause a non-uniform distribution of water and nutrients. In this study, field experiments were carried out in a flat silage corn field in Hebei, China to investigate the uniformity along the length of border or furrow to understand the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil water, electrical conductivity, and nitrate. This will guide irrigation and fertigation management recommendations, land consolidation, and high standard farmland construction. Border and furrow irrigation were tested using fertilizer rates of 750, 600, 450 and 300 kg/ha. Low quarter distribution uniformity (DU lq) and storage efficiency (E) were quantified to determine the distribution of soil water and soil nitrate content. The results indicate heterogeneity along the length of the border or furrow is weak for soil water content and is moderate for nitrate content, based on the uniformity coefficient (CV). The average low quarter distribution uniformity of soil water (DU lqW) was 96.34, there was a significant effect of irrigation type on DU lqW , and the DU lqW for border irrigation was 0.8% larger than that for furrow irrigation. The average low quarter distribution uniformity of nitrate content DU lqN was 79.04, and there was no significant influence of irrigation type and fertilizer rate on DU lqN. Spatial and temporal distribution analysis showed that the variation of soil water in the 0-60 cm soil layer was larger than that in 60-100 cm soil layer, and the electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate content gradually decreased with increasing soil depth. There was a decreasing trend in soil EC and nitrate content with decreasing fertilizer rates. The storage efficiency of water (E W) for border irrigation was 56.63, and significantly lower than that for furrow irrigation over the whole growth duration. The nitrate storage efficiency (E n) was 65.47, and there was no significant effect of irrigation type or fertilizer rate on E n. Even with longer borders or furrows of 90 m, the uniformity of water and nitrate along the length of the border or furrow is weak or medium, which can create non-uniform conditions for crop growth. Furrow irrigation may store slightly more water in the top 60 cm of soil compared to border irrigation. Fertilizer rate had no significant effect on the uniformity and distribution of soil water or nitrate. According to the statistics of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, globally around 86% of the area equipped for full control irrigation is surface irrigation. Surface irrigation adapts well to most crops, low to medium soil infiltration characteristics and crop mechanization as well as environmental conditions 1. Surface irrigation delivers water to crops using a gravity-fed, overland flow of water, which may result in non-uniform distribution of water, excessive percolation losses near the outlet due to more infiltration opportunity time, some areas remaining under-wa...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and nitrate content affected by surface irrigation and fertilizer rate in silage corn fields

Liu

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…The common heavy metals/metalloids include cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). These heavy metals/metalloids originate from either natural or anthropogenic sources such as produced water generated in oil and gas industries (Neff et al, 2011;Pichtel, 2016), use of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture (Hamzah et al, 2016;Rafique and Tariq, 2016), sewage sludge (Farahat and Linderholm, 2015), metal mining and smelting (Chen et al, 2016), pesticide application (Iqbal et al, 2016), electroplating, and fossil fuel burning (Muradoglu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation: A Promising Approach for Revegetation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Land

et al. 2020

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Heavy metal accumulation in soil has been rapidly increased due to various natural processes and anthropogenic (industrial) activities. As heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, they persist in the environment, have potential to enter the food chain through crop plants, and eventually may accumulate in the human body through biomagnification. Owing to their toxic nature, heavy metal contamination has posed a serious threat to human health and the ecosystem. Therefore, remediation of land contamination is of paramount importance. Phytoremediation is an eco-friendly approach that could be a successful mitigation measure to revegetate heavy metalpolluted soil in a cost-effective way. To improve the efficiency of phytoremediation, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in plant is indispensable. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of how heavy metals are taken up, translocated, and detoxified in plants. We focus on the strategies applied to improve the efficiency of phytostabilization and phytoextraction, including the application of genetic engineering, microbe-assisted and chelate-assisted approaches.

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“…PCFA can be used to identify MPSP in water resource systems [ 29 , 30 ]. To determine the MPSP in the Ghaen aquifer, the 28 PCPs measured in the wells were used as primary variables for application of the PCFA ( X 1 , X 2 , …, X 28 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater Pollution Sources Apportionment in the Ghaen Plain, Iran

Naseh

Noori

Berndtsson

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Although Iran’s Ghaen Plain provides saffron to much of the world, no regional groundwater quality (GQ) assessment has yet been undertaken. Given the region’s potential for saltwater intrusion and heavy metal contamination, it is important to assess the GQ and determine its main probable source of pollution (MPSP). Such knowledge would allow for informed mitigation or elimination of the potential adverse health effects of this groundwater through its use as drinking water, or indirectly as a result of the consumption of groundwater-irrigated crops. Total dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride in the water of the majority of 16 wells sampled within the region exceeded World Health Organization and Iranian permissible standards for drinking water. The groundwater proved to only be suitable for irrigating salt tolerant crops under good drainage conditions. Due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the water supply facilities, the water from all wells was deemed unsuitable for industrial purposes. Heavy metal pollution and contamination indices showed no groundwater contamination. Analysis of ionic ratios and the application of principal components analysis indicated the MPSP to be saltwater intrusion, with the geology subtending the plain, and to a lesser extent, anthropogenic activities. Reducing groundwater withdrawals, particularly those for agricultural production by using high performance irrigation methods could reduce saltwater intrusion and improve GQ in the Ghaen Plain.

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Distribution and source apportionment studies of heavy metals in soil of cotton/wheat fields

Cited by 65 publications

References 37 publications

Temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and nitrate content affected by surface irrigation and fertilizer rate in silage corn fields

Temporal and spatial distribution of soil water and nitrate content affected by surface irrigation and fertilizer rate in silage corn fields

Phytoremediation: A Promising Approach for Revegetation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Land

Groundwater Pollution Sources Apportionment in the Ghaen Plain, Iran

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