Distribution and reproducibility of spirometric response to ozone by gender and age

Hazucha, Milan J.; Folinsbee, Lawrence J.; Bromberg, Philip A.

doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00490.2003

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Some studies found a greater response in FEV 1 in female than in male subjects, whereas others found a comparable response between them, mostly after a short-term exposure to high-concentration ozone (27,28). For a prolonged exposure to low-concentration ozone, most studies report combined results of both males and females with no specific analysis for sex effects (6,7,15).…”

Section: Clean Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Function and Inflammatory Responses in Healthy Young Adults Exposed to 0.06 ppm Ozone for 6.6 Hours

Kim¹,

Alexis²,

Rappold³

et al. 2011

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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186

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Rationale: Exposure to ozone causes a decrease in spirometric lung function and an increase in airway inflammation in healthy young adults at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm, close to the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ground level ozone. Objectives: To test whether airway effects occur below the current ozone standard and if they are more pronounced in potentially susceptible individuals, such as those deficient in the antioxidant gene glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1). Methods: Pulmonary function and subjective symptoms were measured in 59 healthy young adults (19-35 yr) immediately before and after exposure to 0.0 (clean air, CA) and 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours in a chamber while undergoing intermittent moderate exercise. The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) influx was measured in 24 subjects 16 to 18 hours postexposure. Measurements and Main Results: Subjects experienced a significantly greater (P 5 0.008) change in FEV 1 (6 SE) immediately after exposure to 0.06 ppm ozone compared with CA (21.71 6 0.50% vs. 20.002 6 0.46%). The decrement in FVC was also greater (P 5 0.02) after ozone versus CA (22.32 6 0.41% vs. 21.13 6 0.34%). Similarly, changes in %PMN were greater after ozone (54.0 6 4.6%) than CA (38.3 6 3.7%) exposure (P , 0.001). Symptom scores were not different between ozone versus CA. There were no significant differences in changes in FEV 1 , FVC, and %PMN between subjects with GSTM1-positive and GSTM1-null genotypes. Conclusions: Exposure of healthy young adults to 0.06 ppm ozone for 6.6 hours causes a significant decrement of FEV 1 and an increase in neutrophilic inflammation in the airways. GSTM1 genotype alone appears to have no significant role in modifying the effects.

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Section: Clean Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Function and Inflammatory Responses in Healthy Young Adults Exposed to 0.06 ppm Ozone for 6.6 Hours

Kim¹,

Alexis²,

Rappold³

et al. 2011

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

Self Cite

186

152

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“…When the contaminant can be delivered in a sufficiently non-harmful way to allow human experimentation, studies typically focus on surrogate outcomes, such as spirometry measures of lung function, that are straightforward to measure but do not clearly map into realized health impairment, particularly for sensitive populations who are often omitted from such studies (Hazucha et al, 2003). Epidemiology, on the other hand, exploits real-world contamination to examine the relationship between environment and health in situ in an effort to better inform environmental policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment, Health, and Human Capital

Zivin¹,

Neidell²

2013

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In this review, we discuss three major contributions economists have made to our understanding of the relationship between the environment and individual well-being. First, in explicitly recognizing how optimizing behavior, particularly in the form of residential sorting, can lead to non-random assignment of pollution, economists have employed a wide range of quasi-experimental techniques to develop causal estimates of the effect of pollution. Second, economic research has placed a considerable focus on the role of avoidance behavior, which is an important component for understanding the difference between biological and behavioral effects of pollution and for proper welfare calculations. Lastly, economic research has expanded the focus of analysis beyond traditional health outcomes to include measures of human capital, including labor supply, productivity, and cognition. Our review of the quasi-experimental evidence on this topic suggests that pollution does indeed have a wide range of effects on individual well-being, even at levels well below current regulatory standards. Given the importance of health and human capital as an engine for economic growth, these findings underscore the role of environmental conditions as an important factor of production.

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“…The third question has been addressed. Gender does not appear to affect O 3 sensitivity (17), and physiological responses of young healthy women to O 3 exposure appear comparable to the response of young men (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Successive clinical research demonstrates decreases in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) and forced vital capacity in exercising healthy adults exposed to O 3 at ambient concentrations (8,10). Increased airway reactivity (5,7), as well as acute airway inflammation (18), have also been observed in healthy adults exposed to ambient O 3 concentrations during intermittent exercise.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%