Distribution and dissipation pathways of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in the Yellow River: Site investigation and lab-scale studies

Monitoring of selected estrogenic compounds and estrogenic activity in surface water and sediment of the Yellow River in China using combined chemical and biological tools

“…4-NP, a degradation product of the surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylates (Ying et al, 2002), was detected in all samples of the Yellow River at the concentrations ranging from 165.8 to 1187.6 ng/L. The concentration range for 4-NP found in the present study is consistent with previous results in the Yellow River reported by Xu et al (2006) and Wang et al (2006) from 34.2 to 599 ng/L and 50 to 170 ng/L, respectively. 4-t-OP and BPA were also detected at all sampling sites (Table 2) and have been widely detected in aquatic environments, usually at levels of several to hundreds of nanograms per liter (Boyd et al, 2004;Furuichi et al, 2004;Kuch and Ballschmiter, 2001).…”

“…Since effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants are the major source of estrogenic compounds in the aquatic environment (Ying et al, 2008, it is crucial to understand the levels of these estrogenic compounds in the river system and their potential adverse effects on aquatic organisms. 4-NP has been studied by Xu et al (2006) and Wang et al (2006), but no published information has been available on the estrogenic activity and the levels of other estrogenic compounds in the Yellow River with a high sand content.…”

Changes of catabolic genes and microbial community structures during biodegradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates and nonylphenol in natural water microcosms

“…Residues of NPEOs and NP have been reported to be ubiquitous in river water, groundwater adjacent to contaminated rivers, seawater, and tap water [3][4][5]. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [6] has released draft water quality criteria for NP.…”

Determination of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates in Industrial Water Effluents by Liquid Chromatography/Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

“…6 Generally, the reverse phase liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to selective detection technique is widely used to determine traces of NPnEOs. 10 The literature indicated liquid chromatography/fluorescence detector (LC/FLD) has high sensitivity and selectivity for determining the trace amounts of NPnEOs, 5,6,9 However, the compounds containing benzene rings interfere with the signal of NPnEOs when determining NPnEOs by LC/FLD. 6 Recently, separation instrument combined with mass spectrometer such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been shown to be efficient to determine trace NPnEOs and its degradation products.…”

“…More than 600,000 tons/year production of NPnEOs and about 60% amounts are discharged into environmental water via various pathways. [3][4][5][6] When NPnEOs are spread into the aquatic environment, various harmful metabolites are formed through biodegradation process. 7,8 Nonylphenol (NP), one of NPnEOs degradation products, is more toxic than parent compound and it has endocrine disrupting characteristics.…”