Distribution and correlation of total organic carbon and mercury in Antarctic dry valley soils, sediments and organisms.

Matsumoto, Genki I.; Chikazawa, Kazuo; Haruta, Masatake; Torii, Tetsuya; Fukushima, Hiroshi; Hanya, Takahisa

doi:10.2343/geochemj.17.241

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The Dry Valley mineral soils contain low levels of organic matter (an average of 0.064 ± 0.035% total organic carbon) (93). Soil organic matter in the Taylor Valley region arises from several sources, such as marine-derived organic matter, lacustrine-derived organic particulates, cryptoendolithically derived organic matter, and airspora (22).…”

Section: Dry Valley Mineral Soils: the Physical And Chemical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…N/P nutrient contents are typically high compared with desert mineral soils (Table 9). Measurements of organic C in fellfield soils (Table 9) showed widely differing levels (>50% under moss cover compared with 1%-2% in visually bare sites) (134), but in all cases several orders of magnitude higher than measurements in Ross Desert soils (0.064% ± 0.035%) (93).…”

Section: Fellfield Communities Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Endangered Antarctic Environments

Cowan

Tow

2004

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

170

114

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The Antarctic continent harbors a range of specialized and sometimes highly localized microbial biotopes. These include biotopes associated with desiccated mineral soils, rich ornithogenic soils, glacial and sea ice, ice-covered lakes, translucent rocks, and geothermally heated soils. All are characterized by the imposition of one or more environmental extremes (including low temperature, wide temperature fluctuations, desiccation, hypersalinity, high periodic radiation fluxes, and low nutrient status). As our understanding of the true microbial diversity in these biotopes expands from the application of molecular phylogenetic methods, we come closer to the point where we can make an accurate assessment of the impacts of environmental change, human intervention, and other natural and unnatural impositions. At present, it is possible to make reasonable predictions about the physical effects of local climate change, but only general predictions on possible changes in microbial community structure. The consequences of some direct human impacts, such as physical disruption of microbial soil communities, are obvious if not yet quantitated. Others, such as the dissemination of nonindigenous microorganisms into indigenous microbial communities, are not yet understood.

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Section: Dry Valley Mineral Soils: the Physical And Chemical Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fellfield Communities Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endangered Antarctic Environments

Cowan

Tow

2004

Annu. Rev. Microbiol.

170

114

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“…Despite evidence of enhanced Hg deposition during and after polar sunrise in some Antarctic coastal sites, the postdeposition dynamics of the metal in snow and its ultimate fate in terrestrial ecosystems are unknown. In general, the few available data on Hg concentrations in Antarctic snow, soil, and terrestrial biota are among the lowest ever reported (e.g., [14][15][16]. However, lichens are one of the most effective biomonitors of airborne metals and particularly Hg (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Deposition and Bioaccumulation of Mercury in Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystems Facing a Coastal Polynya

Bargagli

Agnorelli

Borghini

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mercury emitted by anthropogenic and natural sources occurs in the atmosphere mostly in the gaseous elemental form, which has a long lifetime in tropical and temperate regions. Once deposited in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems the metal is partly re-emitted into the air, thus assuming the characteristics of global pollutants such as persistent volatile chemicals. In polar regions, during and after the sunrise, the photochemically driven oxidation of gaseous Hg by reactive halogens may result in areas of greatly enhanced Hg deposition. Mercury concentrations in soils, lichens, and mosses collected in a stretch between 74 degrees 30' S and 76 degrees 00' S, in ice-free coastal areas of Victoria Land facing the Terra Nova Bay coastal polynya, were higher than typical Antarctic baselines. The finding of enhanced Hg bioaccumulation in Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems facing a coastal polynya strongly supports recent speculations on the role of ice crystals ("frost flowers") growing in polynyas as a dominant source of sea salt aerosols and bromine compounds, which are involved in springtime mercury depletion events (MDEs). These results raise concern aboutthe possible environmental effects of changes in regional climate and sea ice coverage, and on the possible role of Antarctica as a sink in the mercury cycle.

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Desert Environments—Soil Microbial Communities in Cold Deserts

Vishniac

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Distribution and correlation of total organic carbon and mercury in Antarctic dry valley soils, sediments and organisms.

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Endangered Antarctic Environments

Endangered Antarctic Environments

Enhanced Deposition and Bioaccumulation of Mercury in Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystems Facing a Coastal Polynya

Desert Environments—Soil Microbial Communities in Cold Deserts

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