Distribution and biogeochemical behaviour of iron in the East Antarctic sea ice

Lannuzel, Delphine; Schoemann, Véronique; Jong, Jeroen de; Tison, Jean-Louis; Chou, Lei

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2006.06.010

Cited by 175 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Lannuzel et al 2007;Becquevort et al 2009;van de Merwe et al 2011a, b), large accumulation in sea ice of both organic matter and Fe was reported during the ISPOL survey (Table 2; Arrigo and Thomas 2004;Lannuzel et al 2008;Dumont et al 2009), indicating that sea ice can be a significant source of organic matter and Fe to the phytoplankton-poor and Fe-starved Antarctic surface waters. Dissolved organic matter can originate from melting sea ice but also from excretion by phytoplankton, sea ice algal cell lysis, exudation or sloppy feeding by zooplankton (Kähler et al 1997).…”

Section: Organic Matter and Fementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The release of Fe from melting sea ice has been addressed by several authors (e.g. Sedwick and DiTullio 1997) and quantified in many studies (Lannuzel et al 2007;2008;van der Merwe et al 2011a, b). In the Fe-limited Antarctic waters, this seasonal pulse of nutrients can trigger phytoplankton blooms, as confirmed during the ISPOL time series, our microcosms experiments and spring/summer satellite imagery of the marginal ice zone.…”

Section: Organic Matter and Fementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

et al. 2013

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Although algal growth in the iron-deficient Southern Ocean surface waters is generally low, there is considerable evidence that winter sea ice contains high amounts of iron and organic matter leading to ice-edge blooms during austral spring. We used field observations and shipbased microcosm experiments to study the effect of the seeding by sea ice microorganisms, and the fertilization by organic matter and iron on the planktonic community at the onset of spring/summer in the Weddell Sea. Pack ice was a major source of autotrophs resulting in a ninefold to 27-fold increase in the sea ice-fertilized seawater microcosm compared to the ice-free seawater microcosm. However, heterotrophs were released in lower numbers (only a 2-to 6-fold increase). Pack ice was also an important source of dissolved organic matter for the planktonic community. Small algae (\10 lm) and bacteria released from melting sea ice were able to thrive in seawater. Field observations show that the supply of iron from melting sea ice had occurred well before our arrival onsite, and the supply of iron to the microcosms was therefore low. We finally ran a ''sequential melting'' experiment to monitor the release of ice constituents in seawater. Brine drainage occurred first and was associated with the release of dissolved elements (salts, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved iron). Particulate organic carbon and particulate iron were released with low-salinity waters at a later stage.

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Section: Organic Matter and Fementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Organic Matter and Fementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

et al. 2013

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“…Melting sea ice releases fresh, buoyant, iron enriched (winter accumulation of aeolian input), water and phytoplankton into the water column, initiating a phytoplankton bloom which retreats southward in the wake of the receding ice edge over the austral summer (Lannuzel et al, 2007;Constable et al, 2014). The meltwater stabilises the water column, shallowing the mixed layer depth (MLD) and entraining cells in a high light, high nutrient environment.…”

Section: Southern Ocean Primary Productivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Petrou

Kranz

Trimborn

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

114

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Please cite this article in press as: Petrou, K., et al., Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate. J Plant Physiol (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2016.05.004 ARTICLE IN PRESS a b s t r a c tThe Southern Ocean (SO) is a major sink for anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), potentially harbouring even greater potential for additional sequestration of CO 2 through enhanced phytoplankton productivity. In the SO, primary productivity is primarily driven by bottom up processes (physical and chemical conditions) which are spatially and temporally heterogeneous. Due to a paucity of trace metals (such as iron) and high variability in light, much of the SO is characterised by an ecological paradox of high macronutrient concentrations yet uncharacteristically low chlorophyll concentrations. It is expected that with increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions and the coincident warming, the major physical and chemical process that govern the SO will alter, influencing the biological capacity and functioning of the ecosystem. This review focuses on the SO primary producers and the bottom up processes that underpin their health and productivity. It looks at the major physico-chemical drivers of change in the SO, and based on current physiological knowledge, explores how these changes will likely manifest in phytoplankton, specifically, what are the physiological changes and floristic shifts that are likely to ensue and how this may translate into changes in the carbon sink capacity, net primary productivity and functionality of the SO.

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“…In regions where iron (Fe) is potentially limiting phytoplankton growth (Southern Ocean and North Pacific), the evidence of high concentrations of Fe in sea ice [Lannuzel et al, 2007;Aguilar-Islas et al, 2008] -much higher than in the water column -raised strong interest in the role of seasonal sea ice retreat as a potential trigger for phytoplankton blooms in Felimited surface waters [Lancelot et al, 2009]. Iron is important for photosynthesis and nutrient assimilation processes.…”

Section: Trace Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ice algae can also produce copious amounts of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of DMS, an osmotic regulator and a cryoprotectant [e.g., Tison et al, 2010]. Finally, iron concentrations in sea ice can be much higher than in the ocean and sea ice can act as a seasonal reservoir in the Southern Ocean [Lannuzel et al, 2007;2011]: growing sea ice incorporates large amounts of iron, later released into surface waters when the ice melts. This seasonal process may temporarily relieve iron limitation on phytoplankton growth, notably in the Southern Ocean [Lancelot et al, 2009], a key player in the marine carbon cycle [Sarmiento and Gruber, 2006;Sigman et al, 2010], but also in the Bering Sea [Aguilar-Islas et al, 2008] Sea ice proxies integrate information from biological, chemical and physical processes occurring in the polar oceans in an attempt to reconstruct past sea ice conditions [see Armand and Leventer, 2010, for a review].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

Self Cite

215

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International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

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Distribution and biogeochemical behaviour of iron in the East Antarctic sea ice

Cited by 175 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

Effect of melting Antarctic sea ice on the fate of microbial communities studied in microcosms

Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

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