“…Here represents that the battery is discharging while represents that the battery is charging. The charge/discharge variables and the accumulated energy in the battery at time slot t are given by the equation [9] The variable is constrained by the maximum charge and discharge as , also we assume that the batteries have limited capacity, thus the energy supplied by the battery is no more than the current consumed energy, that is, . Every single battery has an efficiency η n ∈ (0, 1), implying that if is accumulated at the end of the time slot t − 1, then the discharge at time slot t is constrained by .…”